基于小波神经网络的模拟电路故障诊断

介绍了模拟电路故障诊断的神经网络方法及小波神经网络,以一带通滤波器为例,提出了一种基于输出灵敏度分析,利用多频测试生成故障特征向量训练小波神经网络进行故障诊断的方法。仿真结果表明小波神经网络作为故障分类器具有收敛速度快,诊断准确等特点。     

基于几何模式识别的发动机传感器故障诊断

提出一种基于几何模式识别技术的发动机传感器故障诊断方法,以解决传感器缓慢漂移故障和由于安装制造差异和性能蜕化等造成的模型不匹配难以区分的问题。传感器测量值输入到自适应模型中,产生一组部件性能修正因子,作为故障模式来对传感器故障进行诊断,每种故障或性能蜕化都对应惟一的模式,采用几何模式识别技术隔离出传感器故障。以某型涡扇发动机为对象进行的仿真结果表明,该方法能诊断出传感器小漂移故障,并能对部件状态进行监控。     

多状态气路分析法诊断发动机故障的分析

对多状态气路分析法诊断发动机故障的可行性进行了分析。估值平均误差J是判断诊断精度的有效判据。通过数值试验给出了J值的建议值。就状态数的选择和监视参数的选择对诊断效果的影响进行了分析。通过分析指出适当增加和正确选择监视参数可减少状态数, 增加诊断精度。增加高压压气机后压力和高低压涡轮间的压力两个测量参数是实用的改善诊断精度的方法。      

飞机结构健康监测与管理技术研究进展和展望

飞机结构是飞机平台的基础,是确保飞机安全、长寿命使用的最重要的承力架构.随着航空技术的不断发展,飞机设计思想不断演变发展,对飞机机体结构性能也不断提出更高的要求.严酷的使用环境和严格的功能/性能综合要求,使得结构完整性面临重大挑战.飞机结构健康监测与管理技术具有实时性、在线性等优势,是保证结构安全性、降低维护费用的重要...     

航天器传动部件振动数据稀疏多分类智能故障诊断

针对航天器传动链机械零部件发生故障时训练数据稀缺以及信号的强非平稳\非线性特点,提出了动态数据驱动的子空间稀疏多分类智能故障诊断算法。首先对采集的单一传感器动态信号进行分形小波变换,生成常规和非常规二进小波尺度。然后对生成的各子空间提出基于故障能量指标的稀疏多分类器,以监测部件的故障特征频率为搜索目标,在子空间的包络解调谱上计算特征频率及其倍频附近的能量峰值,导出特定故障模式的稀疏评价指标,以各种故障模式的最大值识别和判定故障类型。所提出的算法完全实现了无人工监督的智能故障诊断。最后以航天器轴承故障诊断为例验证了该算法的有效性。所研究算法的泛化能力较强,技术路线同样适用于其他航天器传动部件的在线监测与故障智能预警。     

基于ACMPE、ISSL-Isomap和GWO-SVM的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对从行星齿轮箱非线性、非平稳振动信号特征提取困难的问题,提出了一种基于自适应复合多尺度排列熵(ACMPE)、改进监督型自组织增量学习神经网络界标点等度规映射(ISSL-Isomap)和灰狼群优化支持向量机(GWO-SVM)相结合的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法。利用ACMPE从复杂域提取振动信号的故障特征,构建高维故障特征集;采用ISSL-Isomap方法对高维故障特征集进行维数约简,提取出低维、敏感故障特征;应用GWO -SVM分类器对低维故障特征进行模式识别,判断故障类型。行星齿轮箱故障诊断实验结果分析表明:与多尺度排列熵(MPE)、复合多尺度排列熵(CMPE)等特征提取方法相比,ACMPE方法在分类效果和识别精度上更具优势;与局部切空间排列(LTSA)、等度规映射(Isomap)、加权Isomap(W-Isomap)、监督Isomap(S-Isomap)和监督型自组织增量学习神经网络界标点Isomap(SSL-Isomap)等降维方法进行比较,ISSL-Isomap方法降维效果最佳;所提方法的故障识别率达到100%,具有一定优越性。      

基于MED和LMD的自动倾斜器轴承广义Shannon熵谱分析

针对轴承信号微弱故障特征易被强背景噪声淹没的问题,提出采用最小熵反褶积,通过逆滤波器最优化设计,对目标信号进行降噪处理,其峭度值提高了约3.8倍,增强了信号的微弱故障特征;针对非平稳非线性信号频率成分复杂难以解调的问题,提出采用局部均值分解(LMD)和峭度-相关系数筛选准则,其可对非平稳非线性信号进行自适应分解和最优重构,提高了信号的信噪比;针对信号耦合调制及边频突出的问题,通过引入广义Shannon熵进行包络谱带内降噪处理,信号一阶故障特征调制频率与故障特征频率的幅度比降低了24%~43%。通过实验室信号及某型直升机自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断地面试验的分析结果验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。      

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于机匣信号的滚动轴承故障卷积神经网络诊断方法

针对在滚动轴承故障激励下的机匣微弱故障特征,提出了基于卷积神经网络(CNN)的故障诊断方法。利用矩阵图法、峭度图法以及小波尺度谱法3种振动信号的预处理方法,将一维原始信号转换为图像信号;利用卷积神经网络对故障进行识别。通过比较分析发现:通过连续小波尺度谱更易提取滚动轴承的故障特征,其故障识别率达到95.82%,均高于其他几种振动信号预处理方法;由于卷积神经网络可以利用深层网络结构自适应地提取滚动轴承故障特征,比传统支持向量机(SVM)方法的故障识别率高约7%。结果证明了该方法的有效性与可行性,且具有较好的泛化能力和稳健性。      

Aircraft engine fault detection based on grouped convolutional denoising autoencoders

Many existing aircraft engine fault detection methods are highly dependent on performance deviation data that are provided by the original equipment manufacturer. To improve the independent engine fault detection ability, Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System (ACARS) data can be used. However, owing to the characteristics of high dimension, complex correlations between parameters, and large noise content, it is difficult for existing methods to detect faults effectively by using ACARS data. To solve this problem, a novel engine fault detection method based on original ACARS data is proposed. First, inspired by computer vision methods, all variables were divided into separated groups according to their correlations. Then, an improved convolutional denoising autoencoder was used to extract the features of each group. Finally, all of the extracted features were fused to form feature vectors. Thereby, fault samples could be identified based on these feature vectors. Experiments were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method and other competing methods by considering real ACARS data as the data source. The results reveal the good performance of our method with regard to comprehensive fault detection and robustness. Additionally, the computational and time costs of our method are shown to be relatively low.