Moment-tensor inversion and decomposition for cracks in thin plates

The knowledge of crack type and dislocation orientation is helpful for the lifetime prediction of thin plates on aircrafts. The moment-tensor inversion utilizes the Acoustic Emission (AE) signals to detect cracks and the source mechanisms can be interpreted by the decomposition of moment tensors. Since the traditional moment-tensor inversion is implemented for the AE sources inside infinite elastic bodies, the inversion needs to be modified for the cracks in thin plates. In this study, the moment tensors of cracks in thin plates are derived and the inversion equation is provided based on the Green's function of second kind. A method of modifying the moment tensors to adapt to the existing decomposition processes and source-type plots is provided. By employing the Finite Element Method (FEM), the wave fields generated by the AE sources are computed. The AE sources continuously changing from pure tensile type (Model I) to shear type (Model II) are achieved in the FE models and the moment tensors are recovered. By the comparison between the reference values and recovered solutions, the source type can be accurately identified in the source-type plot and the applicability of the moment-tensor inversion for cracks in thin plates is confirmed.     

飞机液压泵源预测与健康管理系统

针对飞机液压泵源系统高可靠性和维修保障性要求,根据液压泵源系统故障特点提出了飞机液压泵源预测与健康管理系统的体系结构总体方案,描述了泵源预测与健康管理系统体系结构各层的功能,并对机载液压泵源健康监测系统和地面维护管理系统关键技术进行了研究.基于数字信号处理器设计了机载液压泵源健康监测系统和地面维护管理数据库,给出了鲁棒、快速和智能的故障诊断算法,为典型液压泵源系统故障预测和后勤保障提供了有效的方法,实现了液压泵源系统预测与健康管理的功能.     

单向拉伸对PVDF薄膜结构和介电性能的影响

为提高PVDF的介电性能,文章研究拉伸温度和拉伸倍率等工艺参数对PVDF膜晶体结构和介电性能的影响。试验结果表明:单向拉伸能够提高PVDF的结晶度且最高达到80%;热拉伸时PVDF薄膜表面出现沿拉伸方向的伸长球晶及微条纹;当拉伸温度为80℃、拉伸倍率为4时,拉伸后的PVDF膜的介电常数增加40%,100 Hz时达到11.4,且此时介电损耗低至0.02。     

人际关系与心理卫生

人的社会性决定了人必须生活于广泛的人际关系网中,从中获得物质需要和精神需要。人际关系的广泛性和复杂性,对人的心理健康产生了深刻而持久的影响。“人类的心理适应,最主要的就是对于人际关系的适应,所以人类的心理病态,主要是由于人际关系的失调而来。”人际关系问题是心理卫生学研究和实践的重要课题之一。     

航空碱性蓄电池全寿命健康管理系统设计

为了解决民航生产中航空碱性蓄电池维护自动化程度低、易受人为因素影响的问题．提出了一种航空碱性蓄电池全寿命无线健康管理系统设计方案。设计了前端管理设备．搭建了一套无线管理系统．并利用labview相关技术对数据进行采集、分析、存储和管理。对系统功能进行了测试．结果表明．设计的系统具有自动化程度高、可靠性和稳定性高等优点。     

载人航天器在轨自主健康管理系统体系结构及关键技术探讨

针对载人航天器复杂化、任务多样化、在轨运行长期化的发展趋势,及由此对航天器在轨自主健康管理的能力提出的更迫切的需求,提出了一种在轨自主健康管理系统分层体系结构,并采用Observe-Orient-Decide-Act循环描述健康管理子行为之间的交互模型,可实现准确、高效的自主健康管理。并以空间站系统为例,研究了分层分级的服务部署、分类故障诊断、故障模型配置、基于构件的软件实现等关键技术。     

Remaining useful life prediction based on variation coefficient consistency test of a Wiener process

High-cost equipment is often reused after maintenance, and whether the information before the maintenance can be used for the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction after the maintenance is directly determined by the consistency of the degradation pattern before and after the maintenance. Aiming at this problem, an RUL prediction method based on the consistency test of a Wiener process is proposed. Firstly, the parameters of the Wiener process estimated by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) are proved to be biased, and a modified unbiased estimation method is proposed and verified by derivation and simulations. Then, the h statistic is constructed according to the reciprocal of the variation coefficient of the Wiener process, and the sampling distribution is derived. Meanwhile, a universal method for the consistency test is proposed based on the sampling distribution theorem, which is verified by simulation data and classical crack degradation data. Finally, based on the consistency test of the degradation model, a weighted fusion RUL prediction method is presented for the fuel pump of an airplane, and the validity of the presented method is verified by accurate computation results of real data, which provides a theoretical and practical guidance for engineers to predict the RUL of equipment after maintenance.     

基于LSTAR的机载燃油泵多阶段退化建模

机载燃油泵的性能退化呈现出平稳—加速—平稳的非线性、多阶段模式,针对现有退化模型难以准确描述其全寿命周期性能退化的问题,以逻辑平滑转换自回归(LSTAR)模型为工具,对机载燃油泵出口压力传感器信号进行建模。首先,对转换后的压力传感器信号建立自回归(AR)模型,通过非线性检验说明建立LSTAR模型的必要性;然后,应用非线性最小二乘法完成参数估计;最后,在AIC准则最小及拟合优度最大的原则下,选择转换变量,通过残差进行模型的适应性检验与正态性检验。结果表明:基于LSTAR模型的拟合精度明显优于线性自回归模型。本文提出的方法成功解决了机载燃油泵性能退化的多阶段准确建模问题,为机载燃油泵的预测与健康管理(PHM)奠定了坚实的基础。     

腐蚀环境下铜薄膜传感器金属结构裂纹监测

铜薄膜传感器在飞机金属结构损伤监测过程中,将长期面临大气腐蚀环境的影响。针对此背景,研究了铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下的耐蚀性能,及腐蚀后的疲劳裂纹监测性能。首先,采用脉冲偏压多弧离子镀技术在不同弧电流和基体负偏压水平下制备了一系列铜薄膜,对其耐蚀性能进行了对比研究。结果表明,在弧电流60 A和基体负偏压250 V时沉积的铜薄膜耐蚀性能最佳。然后,结合耐蚀性能最佳的沉积工艺参数,在2A12-T4铝合金中心孔板试件上制备了同心环状铜薄膜传感器阵列,并开展了盐雾腐蚀试验。最后,对腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器进行了疲劳裂纹监测试验。结果表明:铜薄膜传感器在腐蚀环境下具有良好的耐蚀性能,耐蚀时间达1 000 h;腐蚀试验后的铜薄膜传感器对裂纹变化敏感,能实现对裂纹定量监测,监测精度为1 mm,监测结果具有良好的可重复性。     

群体多属性决策方法及其应用

针对甄选员工这类群体多属性决策问题,将评价属性划分为主观评价属性和客观评价属性,并且假设方案在主观评价属性下的评价值采用区间数的形式来表示专家评价值的不确定性和模糊性。针对每一主观评价属性设定一组与之对应的专家重要性权重值,反映决策者在不同评价属性中的重要性程度,同时考虑到专家评价值的相似度,将专家评价值进行集结得到专家群体关于方案集的决策矩阵。通过计算各方案与理想方案的相似度,据此对方案进行优劣排序。最后给出该方法在员工甄选决策中的应用实例。