风险投资过程代理风险控制模型研究

风险投资过程中,由于信息不对称所造成的代理风险是导致投资高风险的一个重要因素。因而,如何有效地控制风险投资过程中的代理风险,是确保投资成功的重要环节。对投资机构与风险企业之间关系进行了模型化,比较系统、全面地研究了投资过程中所面临的逆向选择和道德风险问题。通过模型化研究从理论上分析产生这两类代理风险的原因,并在此基础上探讨了如何规避和降低这类风险的方案和措施。     

UDMH燃料库危险性评价方法研究

从物质危险性、工艺危险性入手,评价了偏二甲肼(UDMH)燃料库重大事故可能发生的原因、条件及其危险性等级。对航天领域易燃、易爆、有毒危险源的危险性评价方法进行了探讨     

航天器总装过程风险分析和工艺安全性设计

文章分析了航天器总装过程中的危险因素以及各总装作业单元的危险程度及危害性,阐述了总装工艺安全性设计的方法和意义,建议构建安全控制要素基础数据库,进行工艺安全分析和安全技术评价,以期为航天器总装的安全性设计提供参考。     

钢结构建筑火灾危险性和耐火保护

钢结构作为现代建筑领域最具广泛应用的建筑材料，在诸多方面显示出优良的性能。钢材虽具有较好的强度和韧性．但钢不耐火，当温度达到400℃～600℃时，则钢材会失去强度和刚度，本文介绍钢结构的耐火性能及致灾因素．重点指出了钢结构的耐火保护原理及耐火保护的几种方法。     

Irradiated ignition of solid materials in reduced pressure atmosphere with various oxygen concentrations – for fire safety in space habitats

Effects of sub-atmospheric ambient pressure and oxygen content on irradiated ignition characteristics of solid combustibles were examined experimentally in order to elucidate the flammability and chance of fire in depressurized systems and give ideas for the fire safety and fire fighting strategies for such environments. Thin cellulosic paper was used as the solid combustible since cellulose is one of major organic compounds and flammables in the nature. Applied atmospheres consisted of inert gases (either CO₂ or N₂) and oxygen at various mixture ratios. Total ambient pressure (P) was varied from 101 kPa (standard atmospheric pressure, P₀) to 20 kPa. Ignition was initiated by external thermal radiation with CO₂ laser (10 W total; 21.3 W/cm² of the corresponding peak flux) onto the solid surface. Thermal degradation of the solid produced combustible gaseous products (e.g. CO, H₂, or other low weight of HCs) and these products mixed with ambient oxygen to form the combustible mixture over the solid. Heat transfer from the irradiated surface into the mixture accelerated the exothermic reaction in the gas phase and finally thermal runaway (ignition) was achieved. A digital video camera was used to analyze the ignition characteristics. Flammability maps in partial pressure of oxygen (ppO₂) and normalized ambient pressure (P/P₀) plane were made to reveal the fire hazard in depressurized environments. Results showed that a wider flammable range was obtained in sub-atmospherics conditions. In middle pressure range (101–40 kPa), the required ppO₂ for ignition decreased almost linearly as the total pressure decreased, indicating that higher fire risk is expected. In lower pressure range (<40 kPa), the required partial pressure of oxygen increased dramatically, then ignition was eventually not achieved at pressures less than 20 kPa under the conditions studied here. The findings suggest that it might be difficult to satisfy safety in space agriculture since it has been reported that higher oxygen concentrations are preferable for plant growth in depressurized environments. Our results imply that there is an optimum pressure level to achieve less fire chance with acceptable plant growth. An increase of the flammable range in middle pressure level might be explained by following two effects: one is a physical effect, such as a weak convective thermal removal from ignitable domain (near the hot surface) to the ambient of atmosphere, and the other is chemical effect which causes so-called “explosion peninsula” as a result of depleting radical consumption due to third-body recombination reaction. Further studies are necessary to determine the controlling factor on the observed flammable trend in depressurized conditions.     

基于Lyapunov函数的小天体软着陆障碍规避控制方法

针对姿轨耦合型探测器控制方法存在工程实现难、计算效率低的问题,提出一种基于Lyapunov函数的小天体自主软着陆障碍规避控制方法。首先,建立了小天体着陆过程姿态和轨道的动力学模型;其次,考虑探测器当前的势能与障碍地形对探测器的威胁选取Lyapunov函数,并根据Lyapunov稳定性原理推导了推力器的开关控制逻辑,能够实现到达目标着陆点的同时进行障碍规避,且该过程不需事先设计参考模型。同时,该控制逻辑具有解析形式,能够实现实时障碍规避。仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效实现规避障碍且满足姿态稳定的要求。     

民用电传飞机颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术

现有颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术相关研究不够系统全面,未充分考虑民用电传飞机试飞特点及机上试飞工程师的作用。系统地研究民用电传飞机颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术,包括理论评估、测试改装、试飞方法、试飞风险分析、风险降低措施和应急处置程序制定等;针对识别出的颤振/ASE不稳定、不良操稳特性和局部结构损坏等风险源,提出振动超限或异常时客舱试飞工程师切断激励的新技术,开发地面监控专用软件用于实时颤振/ASE裕度定量分析;在某型号试飞中应用该技术进行颤振/ASE试飞科目验证。结果表明:该风险控制技术能够有效降低试飞风险和成本,人工切断技术可在1 s内中止激励保障飞机结构安全,实时分析技术可以快速准确计算稳定裕度并且提高试飞效率。     

面向地勤的军机用户界面标识设计方法

针对军机的使用功能、维护功能开展军机的标识标记使用现状分析,形成有效的设计流程与方法来指导面向地勤的军机用户界面内、外部标记和标识设计,提高地勤维护的安全性及便利性。重点研究并分析军机外部标识中有特定意义的图形及表示警告、警戒、操作内容、操作标准等的文字,军用飞机内部表示设备位置、操作提醒的标牌及表示警告、警戒、防差错等的标识,并对面向地勤的军机用户界面标识设计方法进行研究,制定基于使用与保障危险分析和职业健康危险分析的设计方法流程。为军机面向地勤的用户界面标识设计提供一种有效、快速、经济的设计流程方法。     

国外典型核武器内部氢气气氛分析

核武器密闭空间内部气氛中的氢气对铀材料、钚材料可靠性有长期的影响,将会引起严重的腐蚀失效,导致武器装备战技指标下降,同时也给核武器本身的安全性也带来了隐患。以基于理论模型的假想核武器为研究对象,经分析表明,核武器内部氢气主要来源于铀材料与外界渗漏气体的反应,以及有机材料的老化,这些气体在热应力条件下扩散到核武器密闭空间内部。国外有核国家目前主要采用研制生产时改进加工工艺,控制初始状态;交付后,在核武器内部放置干燥剂、吸氢剂2种措施相结合的方法控制核武器内部的氢气浓度,这些做法对我国武器装备的发展都有一定的借鉴意义。