边界层中TS波及其高阶谐波的演化

基于抛物化稳定性方程,研究了边界层中TS波及其高阶谐波的线性和非线性演化问题。由局部法和Landau展开式导出初始条件,并计算了扰动幅值和速度型等的演化过程和特征,特别是非线性的重要作用。探讨了初始幅值、压力梯度、扰动频率对扰动演化的影响及其规律,这与边界层的稳定性和转捩研究紧密相关。算例结果与全Navier—Stokes方程的直接数值模拟结果一致。     

基于线性位移模式的环形谐振子理论研究

环形谐振子理论是谐振陀螺研究领域的重要内容,然而在目前经典环形谐振子理论中,仍存在很多问题尚未解决,例如：挠度控制方程不能精确求解环形结构的弯曲问题,获得的二阶弯曲角频率及进动系数理论解不能充分反映出其随尺寸参数(如高度h、曲率半径r等)变化的影响规律等。为了克服上述不足,从环形结构理论的基本假设和基本条件出发,基于环形结构的线性位移模式假设、虚功原理和哈密顿原理,建立新的环形谐振子理论,包括广义本构关系、平衡方程和边界条件等,获得环形结构静态弯曲问题的解析求解方法和动态问题的理论解。最后,针对典型的环形结构静、动态问题,通过与其他理论结果进行对比,验证了理论和求解方法的正确性。工作表明,进动系数不是恒定的,其值会随着结构尺寸的不同在0.4附近很小范围内发生变化。     

Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.     

导引头伺服机构消隙齿轮系统动力学特性分析

消隙齿轮广泛应用于导引头伺服机构惯性稳定平台传动系统中，用于消除回程误差，提高传动精度。目前，对消隙齿轮传动系统的动力学分析大多采用数值方法，然而在求解含时变啮合刚度和间隙的强非线性系统时耗时较长。本文利用集中质量法建立考虑时变啮合刚度的消隙齿轮系统动力学模型，通过对模型的无量纲及归一化处理，运用分段的增量谐波平衡法对消隙齿轮传动系统进行分析，并利用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值验证，研究了不同参数对消隙齿轮系统动力学特性的影响规律。结果表明:随扭簧刚度的提高，系统谐振频率也提高，且共振幅值降低;随内部激励的增加、阻尼比的减小，系统由周期运动逐渐变为混沌运动，且共振幅值增大。     

L波段高效小尺寸功率放大器载片设计

为了应对当前市场对功率器件更低成本、更小尺寸和更优性能的要求，设计了一款工作频率为1.2～1.4GHz的高效率小尺寸氮化镓（gallium nitride,GaN）基功率放大器载片。使用有源时域负载牵引系统对GaN管芯进行在片测试并提取管芯的非线性行为模型，在先进设计系统（advanced design system,ADS）软件中利用模型进行阻抗匹配电路设计和仿真，将功率放大器端口匹配到了目标阻抗50Ω。该载片采用谐波控制技术使功率放大器附加效率提高了6%～8%，采用高介电常数的陶瓷材料将载片电路集成在8mm×8mm。实测结果显示，放大器在漏源电压28V、100us脉宽和10%占空比脉冲输入的工作条件下，在小尺寸的载体上实现了输出功率大于56W，功率附加效率大于78%的高效率指标。     

后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响

基于非线性谐波法和声类比模型，研究了不同后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律。首先，利用单排螺旋桨风洞试验结果验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。随后，以某型对转螺旋桨为研究对象，研究了6种具有不同后排转子直径的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现，对转螺旋桨后排转子直径“裁剪”会降低后排螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数，但对效率的影响不明显。随着后排转子直径的减小，前排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声几乎没有变化，但高阶噪声变化幅度较大。后排转子减小0.25倍直径，后排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声降低约为9 dB。后排转子直径“裁剪”不仅可以降低后排转子噪声，在一定程度上也可以降低前排转子的噪声。通过叶片“裁剪”，对转螺旋桨气动噪声降低5~6 dB。对转螺旋桨后排转子直径的减小，减弱了对转螺旋桨叶尖涡干涉和尾迹干涉，并减弱了前后排桨叶的势流场干涉，进而降低了对转螺旋桨的噪声辐射。     

A physically-based representative stress methodology for predicting stress rupture life of Ni-based DS superalloy

Smooth and three types of U-shape single-edge notched plate specimens adopted to experimentally investigate stress rupture behavior of Ni-based Directionally Solidified (DS) superalloy at 850 °C exhibit notch weakening effect and multi-source cracking initiation near the notch root. However, stress rupture behavior of smooth and V-shape notched round bars at 1040 °C revealed by Li et al indicates notch strengthening effect and creep micro-holes originating mostly from the central portion. A combined creep-viscoplastic constitutive model is employed to analyze the distribution of stress, strain and stress Triaxial Factor (TF) near the notch root. The different stress distribution and creep restraint between asymmetric notched plate specimens and symmetric notched round bars are the main reasons for the corresponding failure mechanism. Meanwhile, a good qualitative relationship exists between TF value and stress rupture life of notched specimen. Especially, the area with maximum TF value (TF_max) is highly consistent with creep damage initiation region. Hence, based on the distribution characteristics of the initial tensile loading, a representative stress method independent of time -changing creep load at the location of TF_max is conducted for life prediction. The predicted results of both smooth and notched plate specimens and round bars agrees well with the experimental results.