Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

直流发电机并联供电平衡性探讨

主要介绍了某型飞机直流发电机并联供电的原理、供电时负载变化对平衡性的影响以及不平衡产生的原因,分析了影响并联供电的一般规律,并结合实际提出了预防不平衡供电的具体措施和建议。。     

Advances in critical technologies for hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnel

Hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels and their measurement techniques are the cornerstone of the hypersonic flight era that is a dream for human beings to fly faster, higher and further. The great progress has been achieved during the recent years and their critical technologies are still in an urgent need for further development. There are at least four kinds of hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels that are widely applied over the world and can be classified according to their operation modes. These wind tunnels are named as air-directly-heated hypersonic wind tunnel, light-gas-heated shock tunnel, free-piston-driven shock tunnel and detonation-driven shock tunnel, respectively. The critical technologies for developing the wind tunnels are introduced in this paper, and their merits and weakness are discussed based on wind tunnel performance evaluation. Measurement techniques especially developed for high-enthalpy flows are a part of the hypersonic wind tunnel technology because the flow is a chemically reacting gas motion and its diagnosis needs specially designed instruments. Three kinds of the measurement techniques considered to be of primary importance are introduced here, including the heat flux sensor, the aerodynamic balance, and optical diagnosis techniques. The techniques are developed usually for conventional wind tunnels, but further improved for hypersonic and high-enthalpy tunnels. The hypersonic ground test facilities have provided us with most of valuable experimental data on high-enthalpy flows and will play a more important role in hypersonic research area in the future. Therefore, several prospects for developing hypersonic and high-enthalpy wind tunnels are presented from our point of view.     

吸气式电推进系统可行条件分析

吸气式电推进系统作为有可能实现长寿命超低轨飞行的技术而被关注。根据不同轨道环境条件,采用管状结构进气道、以及机械增压的吸气方式,讨论了吸气式电推进系统所需的可行条件。分析表明,在轨高度180~240km,航天器所需总功耗与迎风面之比需要大于2kW/m2,电推力器比冲需大于4×104m/s,方可满足推阻平衡需求。分析得出,实现吸气式系统在地球轨道的运用,关键技术在于增加气体收集效率并且降低收集功耗,同时电推力器的效率还需进一步提升。     

基于加工误差仿真的半球谐振子优化设计

针对半球谐振陀螺谐振子制造过程中存在的加工误差,采用有限元仿真,分析了半球谐振子结构参数、尺寸公差和形位公差变化对其工作模态频率和临近模态频率的影响,研究了半球谐振子形位公差变化对频率裂解和品质因数的影响。通过仿真分析可知,半球谐振子结构参数壁厚、半球中心半径及内倒角半径都会影响模态频率;半球谐振子形位公差中的内外球心距离误差对其工作模态影响较大,中心轴平行误差对频率裂解和品质因数影响较大;半球谐振子壁厚、内倒角半径、小柱半径及内外球心距离误差变化会使工作模态频率与相邻模态间存在干扰。在此基础上,提出了半球谐振子结构参数及形位公差优化设计建议,并通过半球谐振子品质因数Q值和频率裂解测量对该建议进行了验证。     

2.4米跨声速风洞大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究

针对大展弦比飞机的气动布局特点,在2.4米跨声速风洞中开展了大展弦比飞机测力试验技术研究。该项研究建立了大升阻比高精度天平设计技术和模型支撑系统设计平台,研制了专用大升阻比高精度测力天平和模型支撑系统。在国内高速风洞中建立了大型跨声速风洞模型设计新准则。研究结果表明:所提出和制定的方案是科学合理的,为我国大飞机研制提供了可靠的技术支撑。     

精密离心机的一种现场动平衡方法

精密离心机是测试与标定高精度加速度计在高过载下性能的惯导测试设备。精密离心机动平衡系统主要用来减小由不平衡量引起的振动,以提高旋转速率的平稳性和减小对大臂测试半径的影响。针对精密离心机具体结构的特点,为了提高动平衡调整的效率,给出了基于影响系数法的现场动平衡的方法,取得了较好的效果。     

超声速空气介质自由扩散混合流涡的演化

在不同谐波扰动促发方式下,观察二维超声速空气/空气自由扩散混合流中涡的形成及演化.考虑含空气组分扩散效应的可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,对流项采用3阶迎风紧致格式离散,输运项采用6阶对称紧致格式离散,非定常时间推进采用3阶紧致存储显式Runge-Kutta方法.在无相差情形下,获得了大尺度基频涡结构的饱和、一次对并、二次对并、三涡对并等现象.在Ma_c=0.3低对流Mach数下,基频涡较饱满,但流向尺度较小.受空气真实气体特性影响,在Ma_c=0.8高对流Mach数下未发现涡/小激波结构.      

周向非均匀流动引起的转子动力学载荷分析

以轴流涡轮为分析对象,分析了流动沿周向分布不均匀的条件下涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。假设涡轮级内的流动沿周向呈1次谐波形式的余弦函数分布,考虑转子叶片叶顶间隙,利用双耦合激励盘模型描述叶片通道中的流动,采用谐波分析方法求得涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。分析了不同轴向位置处、不同非均匀流动参数的影响,讨论了转子偏心所产生的非均匀流动,给出了非稳态流动条件下的气动载荷。结果表明:1次谐波形式的非均匀流动会产生附加载荷作用于转子,从而影响转子的动力学性能;非稳态不均匀流动会影响附加载荷的大小,但不改变其在动坐标系中的方向。     

机场容量利用及流量分配优化策略

为了充分利用机场容量,减少航班延误,需要合理分配进离场流量。以机场容量作为约束,以进离场航班总延误成本最小作为目标,建立进离场流量分配优化模型。构建随延误时间呈超线性增长的延误成本计算公式,引入航班进离场延误成本权重系数作为不同进离场优先级的决策偏好信息。用动态规划法求解模型,并引入最优决策候选集合的概念,缩小计算过程中的搜索量,减少计算时间。算例结果分析表明,方法可以在机场容量约束下得出进离场流量分配的最优策略,使得航班总延误成本最小,并且快速计算可以满足实时决策支持的要求。