Adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm for constrained optimization problems

Optimization problems are often highly constrained and evolutionary algorithms(EAs)are effective methods to tackle this kind of problems. To further improve search efficiency and convergence rate of EAs, this paper presents an adaptive double chain quantum genetic algorithm(ADCQGA) for solving constrained optimization problems. ADCQGA makes use of doubleindividuals to represent solutions that are classified as feasible and infeasible solutions. Fitness(or evaluation) functions are defined for both types of solutions. Based on the fitness function, three types of step evolution(SE) are defined and utilized for judging evolutionary individuals. An adaptive rotation is proposed and used to facilitate updating individuals in different solutions.To further improve the search capability and convergence rate, ADCQGA utilizes an adaptive evolution process(AEP), adaptive mutation and replacement techniques. ADCQGA was first tested on a widely used benchmark function to illustrate the relationship between initial parameter values and the convergence rate/search capability. Then the proposed ADCQGA is successfully applied to solve other twelve benchmark functions and five well-known constrained engineering design problems. Multi-aircraft cooperative target allocation problem is a typical constrained optimization problem and requires efficient methods to tackle. Finally, ADCQGA is successfully applied to solving the target allocation problem.     

柔性夹具CAD系统研究

本文论述了柔性制造系统或制造单元中的柔性夹具计算机辅助设计系统的基本原理与方法。柔性夹具系统的建立是以成组技术中零件相似性理论为依据。CAD系统软件的开发是以柔性夹具系统硬件设计为基础,该系统在IBM PC微型计算机上实现。这个夹具CAD系统将用来设计在柔性制造单元内的加工中心机床上加工的33种壳体零件用的柔性夹具。夹具设计人员根据待加工零件的要求和所作的工艺分析,便能用此系统输入原始数据,系统就会提示设计人员选择和设计夹具元件、定位精度分析、计算夹紧力。此外,该系统能生成夹具元件图形,并能借助图形输入板菜单在显示屏幕上拼装夹具装配图,在屏幕上修改图形直到满意为止。装配图可由绘图机绘制输出。     

空间环境模拟技术决策管理模式研究

文章根据有限理性方法及卡耐基模式的决策理论,研究探讨了空间环境模拟技术的决策管理模式.     

面向对象的方法在决策支持系统建立过程中的应用

为了用决策支持系统解决各种具体问题，面向对象方法被引进到决策支持系统的模型库的设计中，首先从多个模型中抽象出具有共性的模型（称为模型类），将这些模型类作为基本的模型放入ＤＳＳ的模型库中，ＤＳＳ在解决具体问题时，根据问题的各种特征，采用面向对象方法的继承机制从基模型类中派生出适合解决该问题的模型，从而使模型更适合具体问题。     

基于时变增益ESO的多航天器SO(3)姿态协同控制

针对多航天器姿态协同控制问题,基于特殊正交群（SO（3））研究了存在干扰情形下的控制设计方法。结合有向通信拓扑建立了多航天器SO（3）模型,在此模型的基础上提出了一种时变增益扩张状态观测器（ESO）对系统的总干扰进行估计,削弱了常值增益ESO的峰化现象。利用相邻航天器的信息给出了旋转矩阵形式的协同指令,进一步基于SO（3）方法设计了协同控制器。同时采用ESO的输出在所设计的控制器中对系统的干扰进行补偿,从理论上给出了ESO的收敛性以及闭环系统的稳定性证明,保证多航天器系统能够实现稳定协同。仿真结果验证了本文方法的有效性和快速性。      

基于改进共生生物搜索算法的空战机动决策

针对现代空战机动决策问题,提出了一种基于改进共生生物搜索（SOS）算法的空战机动决策方法。首先,分析了传统基本机动动作库存在的不足,对其进行了改进和扩充,设计了11种常用的基本机动动作;然后,综合考虑角度、距离、速度、高度和战机性能优势,构造了战机机动决策优势函数;最后,针对传统共生生物搜索算法在收敛速度、收敛精度以及局部最优上存在的缺陷,将轮盘赌选择方法、动态变异率和梯度思想引入到传统算法当中,对算法有效性和算法性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明,改进的共生生物搜索算法在收敛速度、收敛精度以及跳出局部最优上更具优势,能够满足空战机动决策需求。      

Visually supported reasoning under uncertain conditions: Effects of domain expertise on air traffic risk assessment

This article investigates the impact that domain expertise has on risk assessment when analyzing uncertain geographical and sensor data. The differences between novice and expert air traffic operators were examined taking into account the performance of identifying and classifying threatening targets, the time needed to carry out such classifications, and the confidence reported for each decision. The results show that confidence was significantly higher for the expert group. This was supported by the after-test questionnaire because none of the novice participants reported being more confident with the visualizations of uncertainty provided. No significant differences regarding time and performance were found between the groups, even if experts needed, on average, more time to make a decision. Based on the collected logs, the experienced participants more often accessed the detailed information for each object presented by the tool tip. Both the time taken and the data accessed might indicate that experts had better situation awareness. Finally, the experts reported higher workload values related to performance.     

Special issue introduction: Approaching spatial uncertainty visualization to support reasoning and decision making

While research on uncertainty and decision-making has a long history across several disciplines, recent technological developments compel researchers to rethink how to best address and advance the understanding of how humans reason and make decisions under spatial uncertainty. This introduction presents a visual summary graphic to provide an overview of each article in this special issue. Upon viewing these visual summaries, the reader will find that each of these articles covers different topics in the uncertainty visualization domain, offering complementary research in this field. Extending this body of research and finding new ways to explore how these visualizations may help or hinder the analytical and reasoning process of humans continues to be a necessary step towards designing more effective uncertainty visualizations to support reasoning and decision-making.     

面向中小型企业的CIM系统

立足于ＣＩＭＳ工程实践，描述了计算机集成制造系统在中小型企业中应用的结构模型，研究了实现以面向市场和用户需求为核心的企业经营活动的功能领域划分方法，并建立了系统的功能结构模型，文章分析了能够满足系统集成要求的信息结构和物料流系统，研究并介绍了一种适用中小型企业应用ＣＩＭＳ的网络体系结构和计算机递阶控制结构，在ＣＩＭＳ应用技术方面，着重讨论了并行工程与ＣＩＭ系统的关系及其在ＣＩＭ中的应用，强调了成组