H_2O_2/HTPB缩比固液火箭发动机药柱燃速试验研究

对采用90%H2O2/HTPB基推进剂组合的缩比固液火箭发动机开展了药柱燃速试验研究,得到了不同点火方式和不同氧化剂流率下的药柱燃速。试验结果表明,在相同的氧化剂流率下,催化点火方式比点火药点火方式药柱燃速要高,燃烧室压力更为平稳,同时建压时间要长。根据点火药点火方式下不同氧化剂流率的药柱燃速拟合得到了燃速公式,并运用燃速公式对300 mm全尺寸发动机进行了装药设计及内弹道性能计算,得到的理论性能曲线与试验结果吻合很好,验证了本文采用的燃速研究方法及结果。     

GPWS汉语语音模拟装置的研究

设计了一个低成本的GPWS汉语语音模拟装置,使之按照同样的规律,输出汉语语音信息。模拟装置逻辑处理单元选用了国产BASIC语言单片机PS1008;语音部分采用新型语音芯片ISD1420。经过与某型飞机的机载GPWS系统对比发现,模拟装置的语音更清晰易辩,静噪更小。此模拟装置可以根据需要,录制与输出其他语种的语言。     

飞机抛物线飞行试验中的液体行为仿真

微重力环境下液体的流动特性和晃动行为是航天工程上颇为关心的问题,也是进行推进剂管理的基础。飞机抛物线飞行是创建微重力环境地面实验方法之一,可实现对一定时间内液体行为的观测,但其成本较高且试验时长受限。基于失重飞机的一般运动规律,对单次及多次抛物线飞行的任务剖面进行了设计,并以单次抛物线飞行为例、利用CFD软件对液体行为进行了数值仿真,分析了失重飞行段初始条件对微重力液体响应的影响。仿真结果可为失重飞机飞行任务剖面的设计和优化提供参考。     

地面效应作用下翼尖涡特性的PIV实验研究

完成了NACA23012机翼地面效应条件下翼尖涡结构及升阻力特性实验。实验在拖曳水槽中模拟机翼的飞行状态,获得了在多种飞行高度、0°攻角时机翼在水平地面和正弦波浪地面附近的升/阻力、翼尖涡流场的变化规律,对比分析了水平地面和波浪地面附近翼尖涡速度、涡量分布的区别及其可能对机翼升/阻力造成的影响。实验结果表明:即使在正弦波浪地面附近,随着机翼逐渐靠近地面,升力逐渐减小至负升力,翼尖涡的强度亦发生相应变化;尤其是在小间隙比、负升力情况下,翼尖涡的旋转方向产生了改变;流场结构不仅受机翼距地面高度影响,也随着波浪地面与机翼瞬时所处位置构成的相对相位关系的不同而变化,并且涡量沿波浪地面运动的变化呈现周期性,但变化规律并不符合正弦周期,主要原因在于波浪地形与下翼面所构成的流道形状及狭窄程度的周期性变化对翼尖涡流场结构的发展和演化产生不同程度的抑制。     

Numerical simulation and transonic wind-tunnel test for elastic thin-shell structure considering fluid–structure interaction

Aerodynamic force can lead to the strong structural vibration of flying aircraft at a high speed. This harmful vibration can bring damage or failure to the electronic equipment fixed in aircraft. It is necessary to predict the structural dynamic response in the design course. This paper presents a new numerical algorithm and scheme to solve the structural dynamics responses when considering fluid–structure interaction(FSI). Numerical simulation for a free-flying structural model in transonic speed is completed. Results show that the small elastic deformation of the structure can greatly affect the FSI. The FSI vibration tests are carried out in a transonic speed windtunnel for checking numerical theory and algorithms, and the wind-tunnel test results well accord with that of the numerical simulation. This indicates that the presented numerical method can be applied to predicting the structural dynamics responses when containing the FSI.     

基于通流方法的某涡喷发动机整机数值仿真

采用轴对称方法对带有黏性力的三维Euler方程组进行降维，利用时间推进方法求解，得到适用于航空发动机整机计算的准三维数值仿真软件，并对某涡喷发动机整机进行设计点和非设计点数值模拟。首先，对地面静止状态节流特性进行研究，将计算结果与试验数据对比可知：推力的最大相对误差为-5.1%，单位燃油消耗率的最大相对误差为+4.8%，相对转速为95%时，单位燃油消耗率最低；其次，获取了飞行马赫数为0.7工况下的高度特性以及飞行高度为3 km工况下的速度特性，将计算结果与设计参数对比可知：对于高度特性，推力的最大相对误差为-4.61%，单位燃油消耗率的最大相对误差为+5%，对于速度特性，推力的最大相对误差为-5.83%，单位燃油消耗率的最大相对误差为+5.92%；再次，分别对压气机/涡轮进行部件模拟，预测了发动机的共同工作线；最后，对发动机设计工况下的流场以及气动参数的展向分布进行了分析。     

Two freedom linear parameter varying μ synthesis control for flight environment testbed

To solve the problem of robust servo performance of Flight Environment Testbed(FET)of Altitude Ground Test Facilities(AGTF) over the whole operational envelope, a two-degree-offreedom μ synthesis method based on Linear Parameter Varying(LPV) schematic is proposed, and meanwhile a new structure frame of μ synthesis control on two degrees of freedom with double integral and weighting functions is presented, which constitutes a core support part of the paper. Aimed at the problem of reference command's rapid change, one freedom feed forward is adopted, while another freedom output feedback is used to meet good servo tracking as well as disturbance and noise rejection; furthermore, to overcome the overshoot problem and acquire dynamic tuning,the integral is introduced in inner loop, and another integral controller is used in outer loop in order to guarantee steady errors; additionally, two performance weighting functions are designed to achieve robust specialty and control energy limit considering the uncertainties in system. As the schedule parameters change over large flight envelope, the stability of closed-loop LPV system is proved using Lyapunov inequalities. The simulation results show that the relative tracking errors of temperature and pressure are less than 0.5% with LPV μ synthesis controller. Meanwhile, compared with non-LPV μ synthesis controller in large uncertainty range, the proposed approach in this research can ensure robust servo performance of FET over the whole operational envelope.     

Operational modal analysis via image based technique of very flexible space structures

Vibrations represent one of the most important topics of the engineering design relevant to flexible structures. The importance of this problem increases when a very flexible system is considered, and this is often the case of space structures. In order to identify the modal characteristics, in terms of natural frequencies and relevant modal parameters, ground tests are performed. However, these parameters could vary due to the operative conditions of the system. In order to continuously monitor the modal characteristics during the satellite lifetime, an operational modal analysis is mandatory. This kind of analysis is usually performed by using classical accelerometers or strain gauges and by properly analyzing the acquired output. In this paper a different approach for the vibrations data acquisition will be performed via image-based technique. In order to simulate a flexible satellite, a free flying platform is used; the problem is furthermore complicated by the fact that the overall system, constituted by a highly rigid bus and very flexible panels, must necessarily be modeled as a multibody system. In the experimental campaign, the camera, placed on the bus, will be used to identify the eigenfrequencies of the vibrating structure; in this case aluminum thin plates simulate very flexible solar panels. The structure is excited by a hammer or studied during a fast attitude maneuver. The results of the experimental activity will be investigated and compared with respect to the numerical simulation obtained via a FEM-multibody software and the relevant results will be proposed and discussed.     

747—400中央维护计算机系统综述

装在波音747—400飞机上的中央维护计算机系统(CMCS)收集和显示飞机有关系统的故障信息,并提出报告。CMC 还可以使众多的飞机系统完成地面试验。本文叙述了 CMC 系统、信息处理、地面起始试验以及 CMC 的其他功能。     

深凹露天矿通风风洞研制与模拟实验

本文扼要阐述了开展露天矿通风研究、尤其是进行实验室风洞物理模拟研究的必要性。对露天矿通风模拟风洞的研制作了简介,指出了本风洞所具有的特点。文中介绍了最近完成的二项风洞模拟实验:对大冶露天矿深部开采风流结构及其污染物扩散净化能力进行了模拟研究,发现该矿具有比较独特的三维风流结构;对大爆破后靠自然风力稀释烟尘蘑菇云团所需的停工通风时间,分别完成了以风速 U_0和炸药量 A 为单因素变量的两组试验,揭示了通风时间与地表风速 U_0、炸药量 A_0的本质联系,推导出了通风时间的计算式。