Adaptive mesh refinement computation of acoustic radiation from an engine intake

A block-structured adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) method was applied to the computational problem of acoustic radiation from an aeroengine intake. The aim is to improve the computational and storage efficiency in aeroengine noise prediction through reduction of computational cells. A parallel implementation of the adaptive mesh refinement algorithm was achieved using message passing interface. It combined a range of 2nd- and 4th-order spatial stencils, a 4th-order low-dissipation and low-dispersion Runge–Kutta scheme for time integration and several different interpolation methods. Both the parallel AMR algorithms and numerical issues were introduced briefly in this work. To solve the problem of acoustic radiation from an aeroengine intake, the code was extended to support body-fitted grid structures. The problem of acoustic radiation was solved with linearised Euler equations. The AMR results were compared with the previous results computed on a uniformly fine mesh to demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the current AMR strategy. As the computational load of the whole adaptively refined mesh has to be balanced between nodes on-line, the parallel performance of the existing code deteriorates along with the increase of processors due to the expensive inter-nodes memory communication costs. The potential solution was suggested in the end.     

The beginning of cosmic ray astrophysics

A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics.     

带弹性元件扑翼机构的动力学分析及实验

为研究扑翼飞行器传动机构的能量特性，以特拉华大学机械系统实验室所研制样机为原型进行了建模。引入气动项和拉力弹簧建立了完整的动力学模型。分析发现，气动项的力矩峰值为惯性项的4.8倍，对电机的转矩峰值的影响起主要作用。运用正交法进行仿真发现，引入拉力弹簧可以使电机转矩峰值最大降低77.5%，与理论分析相符合。进一步的物理实验验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性，并得到了当弹簧的连接点位置为185 mm、原长为200 mm及刚度为0.1 N/mm时实验结果取得最优值，可为扑翼机传动机构的优化设计提供依据。此外，引入弹性元件也可有效降低电机的转速波动，进而为仿生扑翼飞行器的生产和实践应用提供理论指导。     

材料织构与晶界特征分布及其性能增强

为探索织构变化规律及再结晶织构形成机制，采用激光超快速再结晶退火对Cu样品进行了处理，研究了织构转变的规律和织构控制手段，提出了再结晶织构形成的亚晶择优形核-微区选择生长-优势生长理论和数学解析模型并进行了计算机模拟。选取了LY12试验材料，经轧制，在不同退火条件下进行再结晶处理，得到不同形态的组织与织构，测定了GBCD，研究其对高温力学性能的影响，本文对上述实验研究结果作一综合概述和总结。     

GH4049合金的大晶粒问题探讨

通过一系列试验，发现ＧＨ４０４９合金出现大晶粒问题与零件的加热速率有密切关系。通过对试验结果进行详细的讨论，得出结论：零件的固溶热处理制定应为Ａ类，即１２００℃固溶，到温装炉，保温２ｈ后空冷。     

深过冷快速凝固Fe82.5Ni17.5合金的组织演化

采用熔融玻璃净化结合循环过热的方法,使Fe82.5Ni17.5合金获得了330 K的最大初始过冷度.结合理论计算和组织观察,对Fe82.5Ni17.5合金在深过冷条件下的凝固行为和组织形成规律进行了研究.结果表明,过冷度△T＜63 K时,合金的凝固组织为粗大的树枝晶;当63 K＜△T＜158 K时,凝固再辉所产生的重熔效应非常强烈,受此影响,初生的树枝晶被熔断,形成了细化的粒状晶组织;当过冷度进一步增大至158 K＜△T＜203 K时,再辉所产生的重熔效应大大降低,凝固组织进一步演变为发达的树枝晶组织;而当△T＞203 K时,凝固组织的晶粒细化源于快速凝固体积骤变所产生收缩应力导致的初生枝晶碎断.     

星孔装药燃面退移图象显示中的特殊问题

介绍了采用双三次均匀B样条曲面法构造星孔装药燃面退移图象中，夹直纹面的曲面；具有脊线曲面的反算拟合；燃面拟合的边界条件及曲面加密网格的求解等特殊问题。     

TC1钛合金透射电镜组织研究

 用透射电镜研究TC 1 合金冷轧薄板在退火过程中精细组织的变化,揭示了位错组态与机械性能的关系。 试验用料为厚0.8mm的TC 1 钛合金冷轧板村,变形程度为33％,化学成分见表1。试验用退火温度见表2,退火保温时间为45min,采用普通电炉加热。退火后测定室温抗拉性能。     

高强铝合金晶界偏析与氢致断裂机理的研究

提出了一个三元合金晶界偏析与沿晶断裂模型，并将该模型与准化学理论相结合，研究了高强铝合金Mg、H晶界偏析对沿晶断裂功的影响。结果表明，Mg、H偏析均使沿晶断裂功下降，且H比Mg脆化晶界严重。这与7075铝合金的应力腐蚀实验结果相一致。     

低温环境下固体火箭发动机药柱伞盘结构设计

为提高固体火箭发动机伞盘药型药柱的低温力学性能,可通过调整伞盘药型来缓解其应力应变集中水平。以某固体火箭发动机药柱前伞盘为例,应用三维粘弹性有限元分析方法,分析不同前伞盘药型结构发动机的低温应变场,得到药柱前伞盘最大VonMises应变随伞盘药型结构变化的规律,结果表明药柱伞盘宽度的变化对伞盘顶部应力应变集中的影响最大。再综合考虑内弹道性能和浇铸工艺的要求可确定药柱前伞盘的最佳结构。该方法可为固体火箭发动机药型设计提供定量参考。