细晶处理对磷微合金化GH761合金力学性能的影响

实验使用添加0.023%磷进行微合金化的GH761合金,采用6种不同处理制度进行细晶化处理.结果表明,一次热处理温度在780～950℃范围内变化时,对合金的晶粒组织影响不大,但与标准热处理组织相比,晶粒组织显著细化.采用830℃×4 h,AC,720℃×24 h,AC的热处理制度时,合金的综合力学性能较好.与标准处理相比,室温和650℃的抗拉强度和屈服强度均明显提高,塑性也有所改善,而且650℃/690 MPa持久寿命比普通GH761合金650℃/637 MPa的持久寿命长.     

A Hybrid Optimization Approach for SRM FINOCYL Grain Design

This article presents a method to design and optimize 3D FINOCYL grain （FCG） configuration for solid rocket motors （SRMs）. The design process of FCG configuration involves mathematical modeling of the geometry and parametric evaluation of various independent geometric variables that define the complex configuration. Virtually infinite combinations of these variables will satisfy the requirements of mass of propellant, thrust, and burning time in addition to satisfying basic needs for volumetric loading fraction and web fraction. In order to ensure the acquisition of the best possible design to be acquired, a sound approach of design and optimization is essentially demanded. To meet this need, a method is introduced to acquire the finest possible performance. A series of computations are carried out to formulate the grain geometry in terms of various combinations of key shapes inclusive of ellipsoid, cone, cylinder, sphere, torus, and inclined plane. A hybrid optimization （HO） technique is established by associating genetic algorithm （GA） for global solution convergence with sequential quadratic programming （SQP） for further local convergence of the solution, thus achieving the final optimal design. A comparison of the optimal design results derived from SQP, GA, and HO algorithms is presented. By using HO technique, the parameter of propellant mass is optimized to the minimum value with the required level of thrust staying within the constrained burning time, nozzle and propellant parameters, and a fixed length and outer diameter of grain.     

含裂纹药柱老化结构分析

为讨论不同贮存年限的含裂纹固体火箭发动机药柱的稳定性,基于黏弹性断裂力学,采用有限单元法,于药柱星角裂纹尖端处设奇异裂纹元,计算了弹射和点火情况下的J积分,对比了不同形状和不同贮存年限裂纹J积分的变化.结果表明:发动机在弹射工况下,裂纹J积分随贮存年限的增加而减小,裂纹的扩展机会越小;在点火工况下,裂纹J积分随着贮存时间的增加而增大,裂纹的扩展机会越大,裂纹不稳定.      

高强阻尼铝合金的阻尼性能和组织稳定性

采用时效处理实验,研究了快速凝固/粉末冶金工艺制备的X7093/5(Zn-30Al)高强度阻尼铝合金的阻尼性能和组织稳定性.将阻尼铝合金分别在50℃,100℃,120℃保温10?h,50?h,100?h后空冷,采用动态力学热分析仪(DMTA)和透射电镜(TEM)分别测试其阻尼性能和观察微观组织的变化情况.研究结果表明: 阻尼铝合金在时效过程中,组织结构由最初细碎杂乱的晶态结构转变为具有规则晶界的大晶粒结构,晶界对合金阻尼性能的贡献增强.在室温至250℃的温度范围内,合金阻尼值由4×10^-3增至3.0×10^-2.阻尼铝合金在120℃以下、100?h以内的时效处理中,时效温度和时效时间的不同对合金阻尼性能的影响不显著,材料的阻尼性能稳定性良好.     

直线与任意曲线求交算法在晶粒度计算的应用

对于晶粒度测量的计算机化问题,从材料学的角度讨论了其可行性.采用平均直径法对一幅经过处理的晶界图像进行晶粒度计算.基于Freeman码的原理,分析了欧氏空间下与泛欧空间下直线与曲线交点求法的差异性,提出了"伪交点"的概念,在理论上给出了求交的解决方案,同时也从计算机图形学的角度分析了影响计算直线与曲线交点的因素,在算法上也给出了相应的解决方案.最终计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明这种方法计算晶粒度快捷有效,可以应用于工程分析.     

柔性调平机构概念设计

芯片之间的调平是保证对准精度的一个重要手段.针对目前微制造领域中常用调平机构的缺点,提出了一种实用的柔性调平机构.该机构具有精度高、速度快、结构紧凑、控制简单等优点.重点对机构的调平原理及其概念设计进行了详细论述.在概念设计中,对机构的总体结构及其关键元件--柔性柱的结构进行了设计与分析;为确定调平机构主要的设计参数,建立了原始尺寸、变形尺寸和应力三个方面的约束条件.利用能量法对柔性柱的柔度进行了理论分析,通过商用有限元软件ANSYS8.0对其进行了仿真,从而验证了柔度公式的正确性.指出了在设计实现中需要解决的若干关键问题.     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

Si3N4/SiC纳米复合材料的制备力学性能及强韧化机理

ＳｉＣ纳米粒子进入Ｓｉ３Ｎ４基体使其力学性能大幅度增高,引起了研究者有大关注,本文评述了Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＳｉＣ纳米复合材料的制备工芤及其力学性能,分析了力学性能提高的主要原因,讨论了材料中存在的强化增韧机理。     

The INTEGRAL view of Gamma-Ray Bursts

After more than six and half years in orbit, the ESA space observatory INTEGRAL has provided new, exciting results in the soft gamma-ray energy range (from a few keV to a few MeV). With the discovery of about 700 hard X-Ray sources, it has changed our previous view of a sky composed of peculiar and “monster” sources. The new high energy sky is in fact full of a large variety of normal, very energetic emitters, characterized by new accretion and acceleration processes (see also IBIS cat4 (Bird et al., 2010). At the same time, about one GRB/month is detected and imaged by the two main gamma-ray instruments on board: IBIS and SPI. In this paper, we review the major achievements of the INTEGRAL observatory in the field of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We summarize the global properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts detected by INTEGRAL, with respect to their duration, spectral index, and peak flux distributions. We recall INTEGRAL results on the spectral lag analysis, showing how long-lag GRBs appear to form a separate population at low peak fluxes. We review the outcome of polarisation studies performed by using INTEGRAL data. Finally, concerning single GRB studies, we highlight the properties of particularly interesting Gamma-Ray Bursts in the INTEGRAL sample.     

固体火箭发动机使用寿命的预估和"延寿"

介绍了长期使用寿命分析等固体火箭发动机寿命预公的方法。从经济和环保方面考虑，对到期的固体火箭发动机应用采取推进剂回收再利用等措施，对经过评估认为到期后部分失效的发动机，可采用整修措施，更换失效部件，对失效的药柱重新浇铸等，以延长其使用期。