小型无人直升机动力装置活塞发动机的动态效应

本文介绍了二冲程活塞发动机进、排气系统的动态效应的机理,分析了影响动态效应的主要因素并给出了它们之间的关系式,指出了在选择活塞发动机时,必须选装厂家提供的进、排气系统,说明了活塞发动机作为小型无人直升机的动力,其进、排气系统动态效应得到充分利用的原因。     

弹黏塑性材料稳恒扩展II型裂纹尖端应力场

采用弹黏塑性力学模型,对II型动态扩展裂纹尖端应力场的对数奇异性,进行了分析计算。详细地分析了黏性系数α、马赫数Ma²对裂纹尖端的应力场影响。指出了对数奇异性区域存在的问题,解释了过渡区的成因,对过渡区尖端场解的形式和求解方法做了合理的推测。     

扑翼飞行器驱动装置的设计

扑翼飞行器是一种新型飞行器,其工作原理及设计技术与传统的固定翼和旋转翼飞行器完全不同。微型扑翼的驱动机构的设计、制作是飞行器设计中的关键环节。为此介绍了一种静电驱动的微扑翼机构,由于这种结构存在着强烈的静电和机械两个物理场的非线性耦合,因此系统的动态特性是非常复杂的。从驱动机构的结构,工作原理,受力模型及分析几个方面对这种驱动机构作了相关的介绍。所得研究结论可以为微型扑翼驱动机构的设计、制作和应用提供一定的理论依据。     

直升机旋翼/机体耦合非线性系统的动稳定性分析

为了准确反映直升机旋翼／机体耦合系统的动稳定性，建立了旋翼／机体耦合非线性动力学微分方程，在时域内求解微分方程得到各片桨叶的挥舞、摆振及机体的响应用以对系统进行数值模拟；为了获得系统稳定性的定量值，用快速傅立叶变换(FFT)确定模态频率，用基于傅立叶级数的移动矩形窗方法得到模态阻尼。地面共振分析表明，时域分析与特征值分析结果具有良好的相关性，并与试验值吻合，从而验证了该方法的有效性。大总距时，用时域分析得到的模态阻尼与试验值吻合得更好，该方法可用于具有非线性减摆器的直升机旋翼／机体耦合系统的动稳定性分析。     

Gravity Field Recovery from GRACE: Unique Aspects of the High Precision Inter-Satellite Data and Analysis Methods

The very high accuracy of the Doppler and range measurements between the two low-flying and co-orbiting spacecraft of the GRACE mission, which will be at the μm/sec and ≈10 μm levels respectively, requires that special procedures be applied in the processing of these data. Parts of the existing orbit determination and gravity field parameters retrieval methods and software must be modified in order to fully benefit from the capabilities of this mission. This is being done in the following areas: (i) numerical integration of the equations of motion (summed form, accuracy of the predictor-corrector loop, Encke's formulation): (ii) special inter-satellite dynamical parameterization for very short arcs; (iii) accurate solution of large least-squares problems (normal equations vs. orthogonal decomposition of observation equations); (iv) handling the observation equations with high accuracy. Theoretical concepts and first tests of some of the newly implemented algorithms are presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Optimal assimilation for ionospheric weather – Theoretical aspect

Observation, specification and prediction of ionospheric weather are the key scientific pursuits of space physicists, which largely based on an optimal assimilation system. The optimal assimilation system, or commonly called data assimilation system, consists of dynamic process, observation system and optimal estimation procedure. We attempt to give a complete framework in this paper under which the data assimilation procedure carries through. We discuss some crucial issues of data assimilation as follows: modeling a dynamic system for ionospheric weather; state estimation for static or steady system in sense of optimization and likelihood; state and its uncertainty estimation for dynamic process. Meanwhile we also discuss briefly the observability of an observation system; system parameter identification. Some data assimilation procedures existed at present are reviewed in the framework of this paper. As an example, a second order dynamic system is discussed in more detail to illustrate the specific optimal assimilation procedure, ranging from modeling the system, state and its uncertainty calculation, to the quantitatively integration of dynamic law, measurement to significantly reduce the estimation error. The analysis shows that the optimal assimilation model, with mathematical core of optimal estimation, differs from the theoretical, empirical and semi-empirical models in assimilating measured data, being constrained by physical law and being optimized respectively. The data assimilation technique, due to its optimization and integration feature, could obtain better accurate results than those obtained by dynamic process, measurement or their statistical analysis alone. The model based on optimal assimilation meets well with the criterion of the model or algorithm assessment by ‘space weather metrics’. More attention for optimal assimilation procedure creation should be paid to transition matrix finding, which is usually not easy for practical space weather system. High performance computing hardware and software studies should be promoted further so as to meet the requirement of large storage and extensive computation in the optimal estimation. The discussion in this paper is appropriate for the static or steady state or transition process of dynamic system. Many phenomena in space environment are unstable and chaos. So space environment study should include and integrate these two branches of learning. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

应用复合型网格求解叶栅气动设计杂交型问题

建立在流线坐标系上的叶栅气动设计反命题与杂交命题是在映象平面(由流线坐标与周向坐标构成H上求解的.以往在映像平面只采用H型网格,本文首次将H加C型复合网格用于这类反命题计算,使叶栅前缘附近网格构造趋于合理,从而明显提高了计算精度.本文采用的解法是基于叶轮机气动变分原理的有限元方法.     

涡轴发动机动力涡轮模拟轴动力特性研究

应用有限元方法完成了某新型涡轴发动机动力涡轮模拟实心轴动力特性-l临界转速、振型和不平衡响应的计算，分析了平衡卡箍对模拟轴动力特性的影响。最后进行了试验验证。计算和试验结果均表明：平衡卡箍对模拟轴临界转速和不平衡响应的影响甚微，对振型几乎无影响，是平衡细长高速柔性转子的理想平衡工装。     

横向裂纹对转子动力特性的影响

选取转子支承系统为研究对象，利用传递矩阵方法计算转子系统的动力特性，目的在于探求裂纹对转子动力特性的影响。计算结果表明：裂纹对转子的各种动力特性都有影响，但影响很小。这对于发动机的正常工作是非常有利的。但从故障检测方面考虑，若想通过振动特性的变化来检测裂纹故障是相当困难的。     

磁悬浮轴承转子系统动态特性的实验研究

通过激振实验获得磁悬浮轴承转子系统的动态特性参数,并与实际运行状态进行比较。结果表明,激振实验能够获得系统在高速旋转状态下的稳定性、临界转速及其与控制参数间的关系。另一方面,激振实验结果表明,某些临界转速值对控制参数的灵敏度很小,无法通过改变控制参数,改变这些临界转速值。