GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

The geomagnetic solar flare effect identified by SIIG as an indicator of a solar flare observed by GOES satellites

This paper studies the efficiency of geomagnetic solar flare effects (gsfe) in X solar flare detection; so during the period 1999–2007 a comparison between solar flare (sf) observed by satellites of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) programme and gsfe published by the Service International des Indices Geomagnetiques (SIIG) is made.     

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

中低轨道地磁动态模拟器

文章介绍了1台能为中低轨道飞行器提供动态地磁场环境的模拟器,详细论述了模拟器的系统组成、线圈结构、电源和磁强计指标参数、控制方式和调试方法,介绍了根据WMM2000地磁场模型计算出轨道上各点的磁场值,利用数值分析的方法找出输出电流与产生磁场大小的对应表达式,从而根据计算出的磁场值和输出电流,用程控电源成功实现了中低轨道地磁场的动态模拟.     

跨介质航行器波浪环境入水流场演变和运动特性研究

跨介质航行器是一种既可以在空中飞行又可以在水下潜航的新概念航行器,基于仿生学原理,提出一种通过改变外形实现水空介质跨越的航行器模型,通过入水试验装置和计算流体动力学方法,对航行器带攻角从空气到水的介质跨越过程进行了试验和数值仿真研究,得到了跨介质入水过程航行器的运动姿态和入水空泡形态,并通过数值仿真得到了航行器的升力、阻力、速度和加速度演化规律。同时基于数值模拟方法对有波浪情况和静水情况下航行器入水过程空泡演变以及运动特性进行对比。结果表明:提出的航行器构型在水中具有较好的姿态调整能力,波浪的有无和波高的不同都会对航行体入水运动特性造成影响。     

降落伞稳定下降阶段流场的数值模拟

随着计算流体力学 (CFD)和结构有限元分析法的兴起 ,精确描绘降落伞力学特性成为可能。文中采用有限体积法求解不可压流的N -S方程 ,采用Spalart-Allmaras(SA)模型作为湍流模型 ,以模拟降落伞稳定下降阶段时的流场特性。流场的计算结果与实验数据基本一致 ,这表明该方法对降落伞的分析是有效并且可行的     

旋转固体火箭发动机内弹道理论与实验研究

本文系统地总结了我们在旋转固体火箭发动机内弹道理论与实验研究方面的某些成果，其中包括含铝丁羟推进剂的试片实验和装药发动机实验以及燃速敏感性预示和内弹道预示，得出了一些有益的结论，可供发动机设计及推进剂配方设计参考。     

某固体火箭发动机药柱温度场有限元分析

为探索环境温度变化条件下固体火箭发动机药柱温度场的一种简单而有效的技术途径,利用有限元传热分析法,对某固体火箭发动机在温度循环条件下的燃烧室药柱温度场进行了研究。针对不同的药柱结构分别建立了二维和三维传热模型,通过对比计算值与试验测试值可知,与三维模型相比,二维传热计算方法可提高药柱温度场的计算效率,且计算结果与试验测试值吻合度较高,可满足试验预测要求。因此在工程分析中,为快速得到有效的分析结果,可采用二维传热模型分析发动机药柱温度场,其中二维无翼槽模型适于模拟药柱远离翼槽部位的温度场,二维有翼槽模型适于模拟药柱翼槽部位的温度场。     

磁阻尼对火星探测器降落过程的动力学效应

火星稀薄的大气使得探测器再入火星时难以获得足够的减速阻力,为此,文章提出利用磁阻尼增加阻力的概念。高速再入的探测器与火星大气剧烈摩擦产生等离子体,利用探测器上的磁偶极场将等离子体捕获,同时在火星大气中形成一个“磁泡”区域并跟随探测器。由“磁泡”束缚的等离子体与来流的中性气体发生碰撞获得动量,又通过磁场作用将动量传递给探测器,从而使探测器获得一定的减速阻力。在磁阻尼的作用下,在同样的开伞高度探测器速度可降至更低,而低速开伞又可提高阻力伞打开的可靠性。因此,磁阻尼不仅可加快降低再入速度,而且还有助于提高探测器着陆火星的安全性。     

复合喷管结构温度场流固耦合仿真分析

为了评估复合喷管热防护性能以及获取喷管烧蚀和结构应力分析的工况条件,运用Fluent流体动力学软件,对复合喷管的结构温度场进行了数值仿真。分析中,采用了两方程RNG k?ω湍流模型和增强型壁面函数,利用流固耦合的计算方法,获得了喷管结构瞬态温度场的计算结果,重点分析了结构温度场最终分布状态和初期传播特点,以及喉衬温度随时间的变化规律,估算了喉衬的烧蚀。分析结果表明,喷管结构热防护性能满足要求,温度最高区域位于喷管收敛段中后部,喉衬线烧蚀量约为2．1 mm,为喷管结构进一步优化设计提供了重要参考依据。