疲劳寿命估算的线性累积破坏率准则研究

介绍了一种新的疲劳寿命估算方法——线性累积破坏率准则,其物理意义明确,简单明了。在对恒幅载荷疲劳寿命统计分析的基础上,求出对应的疲劳寿命概率密度函数,从而利用线性累积破坏率准则可估算出变幅载荷下结构的疲劳寿命。线性累积破坏率准则没有限定试验条件和疲劳寿命分布形式,因此对一般环境下和腐蚀环境下的疲劳均具适用性。利用两组疲劳试验数据对该方法进行了验证,结果表明在中值寿命附近预测寿命与实测寿命非常接近,精度较高、有较好的工程应用价值。     

无人机总体与起飞性能匹配性设计优化

首先,提出了一种小推重比的低速螺旋桨无人机总体参数与起飞性能匹配性设计优化方法;其次,对该无人机起飞阶段的动力学和运动学特性进行了分析,明确了该无人机总体参数与起飞性能之间的最佳匹配关系,以实现无人机起飞性能的最优化;最后,通过分析得出结论:小推重比低速螺旋桨无人机总体设计参数的选取直接影响到起飞性能的优劣,“平衡”总体设计需求来发挥平台更佳的起飞性能是总体设计优化的重要内容.     

直升机雷达散射截面计算与试验验证

采用高频预估法,建立了一套基于“面元边缘”的直升机RCS计算方法,然后对某型直升机进行了RCS计算分析以及RCS测试.最后,对比分析直升机机身雷达散射试验和理论计算结果,得出了一些减缩直升机RCS的外形设计特征.结果表明:在设计要求许可的情况下,改变武器挂架长度比改变后掠角缩减RCS效果要明显;直升机头部鼻锥部位使用锥形结构,可以减小头向方位RCS;直升机主桨榖采用圆台形代替圆柱形,可以减缩头向和侧向方位的RCS.     

基于遗传退火算法的电路模拟吸波材料设计

相比传统吸波材料,电路模拟吸波材料可以很好地减小材料厚度、提高吸波性能,其设计通常使用遗传算法进行优化。针对传统遗传算法的诸多不足,对交叉和变异概率进行了改进、引入了模拟退火思想作为子代接受准则并增加了算法终止准则。其中,对交叉和变异概率的改进是最大创新点。改进后的遗传算法只需进化100代即得到最优解,平均反射率为-15.0420,厚度为1.43 mm,均优于传统算法得出的结果。结果表明,改进后的遗传算法具有收敛速率快、不易陷入局部最优解等优点。     

通用机场机坪运行安全风险评估方法研究

传统机场机坪运行评价方法在确定指标权重方面存在不足,而模糊评价法在确定隶属度时主观判断较多。结合通用机场机坪运行特点建立评价指标体系,采用变权和相对差异函数的方法对通用机场机坪运行安全风险进行评估。首先运用变权理论对各评价指标的常权进行调整,体现单个指标对评价结果的影响;然后利用相对差异函数确定单因素对各安全等级的隶属...     

基于多GPU的大型线性和非线性方程组的求解(英文)

在处理工程问题时,常常需要对线性或非线性方程组进行求解。对于实际应用中经常遇到的大型方程组进行求解则需要相当长的时间。使用图形处理器(GPU)代替传统的CPU,将多块GPU通过操作系统进行协调,并将PBi-CGstab方法和Inexact Newton方法进行适合多GPU并行的改造以此作为多GPU求解器的核心算法,加速求解大型线性和非线性方程组。本文的多GPU求解器在成倍扩展了单GPU求解器允许的计算规模的同时取得了令人满意的加速比。     

基于渐消卡尔曼滤波器的定位系统设计

针对无人机捷联式惯性导航系统(Strap-down inertial navigation system,SINS)定位精度低、全球卫星定位系统(Global position system,GPS)定位的非自主性,建立了一种无人机SINS/GPS定位信息融合系统。采用渐消Kalman滤波技术,有效防止了SINS/GPS组合导航系统的滤波发散。采用自适应运算法则,从理论上证明了渐消卡尔曼滤波器的稳定性,得到了滤波器稳定要求的新的条件,与以往研究比较,条件更为宽泛。分别进行了SINS/GPS常规卡尔曼滤波仿真和渐消卡尔曼滤波仿真,结果表明:采用渐消卡尔曼滤波技术在工程实践上可以有效提高无人机的导航定位精度,并且易于工程实现。     

改进遗传算法的纵列式直升机总体参数优化设计

研究纵列式双旋翼直升机总体参数的优化设计方法,在分析双旋翼气动干扰对旋翼气动特性影响的基础上,采用改进的遗传算法,以运输效率为目标、以飞行性能和重量效率等参数为约束条件,建立优化设计模型,优化纵列式直升机总体参数。以CH-47D纵列式直升机为优化算例,计算结果表明,本文提出的优化方法是可行的,优化效果良好。     

Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible mechanisms for production of non-thermal electrons which are responsible for the observed non-thermal radiation in clusters of galaxies. Our primary focus is on non-thermal Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering, that produce hard X-ray emission. We first give a brief review of acceleration mechanisms and point out that in most astrophysical situations, and in particular for the intracluster medium, shocks, turbulence and plasma waves play a crucial role. We also outline how the effects of the turbulence can be accounted for. Using a generic model for turbulence and acceleration, we then consider two scenarios for production of non-thermal radiation. The first is motivated by the possibility that hard X-ray emission is due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung by nonrelativistic particles and attempts to produce non-thermal tails by accelerating the electrons from the background plasma with an initial Maxwellian distribution. For acceleration rates smaller than the Coulomb energy loss rate, the effect of energising the plasma is to primarily heat the plasma with little sign of a distinct non-thermal tail. Such tails are discernible only for acceleration rates comparable or larger than the Coulomb loss rate. However, these tails are accompanied by significant heating and they are present for a short time of <10⁶ years, which is also the time that the tail will be thermalised. A longer period of acceleration at such rates will result in a runaway situation with most particles being accelerated to very high energies. These more exact treatments confirm the difficulty with this model, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557:560, 2001). Such non-thermal tails, even if possible, can only explain the hard X-ray but not the radio emission which needs GeV or higher energy electrons. For these and for production of hard X-rays by the inverse Compton model, we need the second scenario where there is injection and subsequent acceleration of relativistic electrons. It is shown that a steady state situation, for example arising from secondary electrons produced from cosmic ray proton scattering by background protons, will most likely lead to flatter than required electron spectra or it requires a short escape time of the electrons from the cluster. An episodic injection of relativistic electrons, presumably from galaxies or AGN, and/or episodic generation of turbulence and shocks by mergers can result in an electron spectrum consistent with observations but for only a short period of less than one billion years.     

A3钢在厌氧环境中的新型缓蚀剂性能研究

通过微生物方法、失重法和表面分析3种方法研究了4种缓蚀杀菌剂的杀菌作用,以及A3钢在无菌培养液和培养液加硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的厌氧体系中加入这4种缓蚀杀菌剂的腐蚀行为.结果表明:SRB加速了A3钢的点蚀破坏;缓蚀杀菌剂能够影响SRB的生成规律,抑制SRB和Cl^－的腐蚀破坏,使腐蚀率降低.在4种缓蚀杀菌剂中,性能最好的为BHA-2,其缓蚀率为82.4%,同时兼有缓蚀和杀菌双重功效,且明显优于市场上广泛使用的1227.