面向大数据的数据处理与分析算法综述

大数据处理是近年来广受关注和研究的技术领域,数据挖掘作为从大量数据中挖掘隐藏价值信息的技术,是处理大数据的有效工具。本文主要从数据挖掘的角度对大数据处理算法的研究现状进行分类总结。首先介绍了大数据中针对流式数据分类的方法,包括单模型算法和集成分类算法;其次分别从单机算法和基于分布式并行平台的多机算法两个角度概括介绍了大数据聚类方法以及大数据关联规则挖掘方法;最后总结了现有面向大数据的数据挖掘算法的研究进展并展望未来的发展趋势。     

外关联规则挖掘

根据项集内项的关联性,现有关联规则挖掘算法可分为正关联规则挖掘和负关联规则挖掘两大类,它们反映的是项集内频繁项之间的关联性。通过对实际数据集的分析发现,一个项集可以划分成若干子项集,子项集内的项有较高的相关性,而不同的子项集相关性则较低,这意味着每个子项集与其外部的一个潜在因子间存在着关联,由此本文提出了外关联规则的概念,并基于因子分析和主成分分析方法,提出了外关联规则挖掘算法(FAAR),从而将项集内的关联规则挖掘外推到子项集和潜在因子集之间的外关联规则挖掘,扩展和丰富了关联规则挖掘的应用,在此基础上还可进一步发现它所蕴涵的正、负关联规则。     

复合材料蜂窝夹层结构的总体稳定性研究

采用两种有限元模型和工程方法分别对复合材料蜂窝夹层结构在压缩、剪切载荷作用下的总体稳定性进行了计算,根据各计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:对于承受压缩载荷的结构,采用工程计算法能够较好的预估结构的屈曲临界载荷,而对于承受剪切载荷的结构,采用三维有限元法能较好的计算结构的屈曲载荷。     

图形文法在三维角点检测中的应用(英文)

许多局部特征描述都假设场景是平面的,而在真实场景中捕捉到的图片都是来自三维世界。在图像匹配和目标检测中,三维角点作为一种包含三维信息的形状特征,是一种新的重要不变特征,但从普通角点中自动鉴选出三维角点比较困难。基于图像的图形文法提出一种新的三维角点检测方法。该方法在一定程度上能够检测出角点的三维特性。实验结果表明三维角点特征在图像匹配中是适用的,证明了所提出的方法的有效性。     

K8飞机活动舱盖压力谱编制

根据活动舱盖压力谱Ｐ－ｔ曲线特点,通过任务类型划分、异常信号剔除、滤波、雨流计数和计数结果统计处理以及等损伤折算等工作,结合巴基斯坦空军提供的Ｋ８飞机各任务类型飞行小时和起落次数的统计结果,编制了Ｋ８飞机活动舱盖压力谱。     

构建广义立方体感知网络安全态势

针对大多方法感知范围局限、信息来源单一、空间时间复杂性高及准确性偏差较大等问题,提出了分层感知模型与构建广义立方体感知网络安全态势的方法.将监测到的连续型态势因子数据经"3σ法则"离散化预处理后,聚合在所构建的广义立方体格中,纵向上融合成组件的安全态势,横向上对组件安全态势采用统计的方法融合成网络的安全态势,为增强网络安全性提供可靠的参照依据.利用网络实例数据对所提出的网络安全态势感知模型和算法进行验证,表明了该方法的正确性.      

Radio-faint BL Lac objects and their impact on the radio/gamma-ray connection

Radio and gamma-ray emissions in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) are both related to the presence of relativistic particles in jets. With the advent of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and thanks to its large sensitivity up to several GeV, many observational results are changing our understanding of these phenomena. BL Lac objects, which made up only a fraction of the known extragalactic gamma-ray source population before Fermi, have now become the most abundant class. However, since they are relatively weak radio sources, most of them are poorly known as far as their parsec scale structure and multi-wavelength properties are concerned. For this reason, we have selected a complete sample of 42 low redshift BL Lacs (independently of their gamma-ray properties) to study with a multi-wavelength (radio, optical, X-ray, gamma-ray) approach. Here, we present results and images of sources in the sample (most of which have never been observed before), using new VLBA observations at 8 and 15 GHz. Beyond this sample of BL Lacs, the population of gamma-ray AGNs has also dramatically enlarged in the Fermi era, permitting us to discuss the presence of a correlation between radio and gamma-ray properties with improved statistical significance. We explore the radio-gamma relation with several hundreds sources and using both simultaneous and archival radio data, thus tackling the impact of time variability.     

Observations of Extended Radio Emission in Clusters

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in ‘relics’, and the large central regions commonly referred to as ‘halos’. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativistic electrons. Implications from these observations on acceleration mechanisms of these electrons are reviewed, including turbulent and shock acceleration, and also the origin of some of the electrons in collisions of relativistic protons by ambient protons in the (thermal) gas. Improved knowledge of non-thermal phenomena in clusters requires more extensive and detailed radio measurements; we briefly review prospects for future observations.     

一种新的PWM DC—DC变换器建模方法

介绍一种带变压隔离器，含多个功率开关器件的PWM变换器工作在连续状态的建模方法。该方法考虑了变换器的寄生元件，由理想功率开关管、理想二极管和理想变压器组成的理想开关部分用受控电流源和电压源替代。基于能量守恒原理，给出了确定寄生电阻、二极管正向压降的等效值的方法。为了简化模型，建立了将平均寄生元件转移到电感支路中的映射规则。文中阐述了以PWM推挽变换器为例的建模过程，得到了PWM推挽变换器工作在连续状态的动态大信号、DC及小信号模型，并进行了计算机仿真分析，结果令人满意。该建模方法的优点是模型由标准电路元件组成，因而可以直接用于通用电路仿真程序，对于更复杂的变换器拓扑尤为方便。     

铝合金化学镀Ni－P

介绍利用还原剂在铝合金表面沉积Ｎｉ－Ｐ的工艺方法。该工艺操作简便，所得到的沉积层结合力良好、硬度高、耐蚀性能优异。可用于航空精密仪器仪表的防护与装饰。