基于主动热载荷管理技术的涡轮盘疲劳寿命

为降低航空发动机涡轮盘失效风险并提高使用寿命,将主动热载荷管理技术应用于预置裂纹的涡轮盘模型,采用通用权函数法计算裂纹应力强度因子进而分析轮盘寿命,研究经主动热载荷管理的轮盘上能量分布对轮盘寿命的影响,探索轮盘上热边界载荷与寿命的关联性和变化规律,并通过有限元仿真模拟初步分析其作用机理。结果表明:主动热载荷管理技术通过优化轮盘的温度分布,可以有效地降低裂纹附近的应力,延缓裂纹的扩展,显著的提高寿命和安全性,当热边界载荷系数分别取0.05和0.10时,轮盘相应的寿命分别增加12.2%和26.1%。     

一种双时间尺度函数Wiener过程性能退化模型

为通过性能退化数据评估产品的可靠性,基于广义Wiener过程提出了一种双时间尺度函数模型以描述产品退化过程。采用极大似然估计(MLE)法求解模型参数,推导了其寿命分布(FTD),进而进行可靠度分析和寿命评估。对模型进行了Monte Carlo模拟验证和实例应用,并将目前常用的混合效应Wiener过程模型作为参考方法进行了对比分析。结果表明:根据90%可靠度曲线的定义,该方法较参考方法的结果更为合理、准确。进一步的寿命评估结果表明,该方法与参考方法的平均寿命相差232.9h,90%可靠寿命结果相差109.4h,且参考方法计算结果偏于危险。      

微粒子喷丸技术研究进展

微粒子喷丸因其采用的弹丸介质尺寸小,具有强化基体表面并降低表面粗糙度的优点,已成为航空、能源动力等领域中一项重要的表面强化技术。目前对于该技术的研究仍处于对其强化机理的试验论证阶段,还未有完整的理论体系。对微粒子喷丸技术的原理和特点进行了综述,讨论了微粒子喷丸的强化机制,阐述了目前微粒子喷丸技术的研究现状及在各类材料中的应用,并指出了该技术的应用前景。研究各类参数对喷丸效果的影响将是微粒子喷丸发展的主要方向。     

航空发动机进气及叶栅通道内砂粒动力学特性分析

为提高发动机的吞砂、防砂能力,需要了解砂粒在发动机中运动规律及对发动机性能的影响。采用欧拉-拉格朗日法对E3发动机整流罩、风扇和增压级进行了砂粒与气流的耦合作用分析计算,加入颗粒碰撞模型和侵蚀模型。仿真分析结果表明:砂粒运动轨迹和侵蚀区域符合发动机使用规律。砂粒进入发动机与风扇叶片压力面发生碰撞,砂粒发生碰撞后大部分进入了外涵流道。砂粒碰撞位置主要集中在风扇叶片压力面处,风扇对颗粒运动轨迹的影响最显著,碰撞后的颗粒有明显的径向运动趋势,叶顶区域的颗粒富集程度较高。整流罩、风扇叶片压力面及外机匣壁面都发生较为严重的砂粒侵蚀现象,而增压级叶片砂粒侵蚀现象不明显。      

仿生减阻翼型的气动性能

利用一种基于滑移边界理论的仿生肋条结构的模化方法,对仿生减阻翼型的气动性能开展了数值模拟研究。结果显示:肋条结构同时布置在翼型压力面和吸力面湍流区域时,仿生减阻翼型的阻力可降低1.73%~3.07%,升阻比可提高2.10%~4.08%,其中黏性阻力的减小是总阻力下降的主要原因。对流场分析表明,仿生减阻翼型的速度曲线出现一定抬升,使得湍流边界层中的黏性子层增厚,进而导致了仿生减阻翼型气动性能的提升。      

高空环境下喷嘴参数对航空活塞发动机燃烧与性能的影响

以一台四缸四冲程压燃式航空煤油活塞发动机为研究机型,运用工程系统高级建模和仿真平台软件(AMESim)仿真软件建立了发动机的整机模型,并使用台架实验的采集数据对该仿真模型进行了验证。在高空环境中,仿真分析了飞行器起飞工况、最大巡航工况下发动机喷油器的不同喷孔数、孔径对发动机燃烧过程、性能和NOx排放特性的影响。计算结果表明:稳态工况下,随着喷孔数的增加,最高燃烧压力和温度增加,瞬时放热率增长速度快且峰值上升;同时,缸内预混燃烧得到强化,燃烧始点提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期缩短,燃烧重心前移,循环热效率增高,但同时会提高NOx的生成量;在飞行器瞬态变海拔的起飞工况下,多喷孔数、小孔径的喷油嘴有利于航空活塞发动机在高空环境下恢复发动机功率,提升飞行器的动力性和续航性能。      

Influence of leading edge with real manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor cascades

To investigate the influence of real leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance of high subsonic compressor blades, a family of leading-edge manufacturing error data were obtained from measured compressor cascades. Considering the limited samples, the leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius distribution forms were evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test and quantile–quantile plot. Their statistical characteristics provided can be introduced to later related researches. The parameterization design method B-spline and Bezier are adopted to create geometry models with manufacturing error based on leading-edge angle and leading-edge radius. The influence of real manufacturing error is quantified and analyzed by self-developed non-intrusive polynomial chaos and Sobol’ indices. The mechanism of leading-edge manufacturing error on aerodynamic performance is discussed. The results show that the total pressure loss coefficient is sensitive to the leading-edge manufacturing error compared with the static pressure ratio, especially at high incidence. Specifically, manufacturing error of the leading edge will influence the local flow acceleration and subsequently cause fluctuation of the downstream flow. The aerodynamic performance is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge radius at the design and negative incidences, while it is sensitive to the manufacturing error of leading-edge angle under the operation conditions with high incidences.     

轴向间距对压气机通道堵塞及总性能的影响

为了研究转静子叶片排之间的轴向间距对压气机内部流动堵塞及气动性能的影响,选取某单级轴流压气机为研究对象,采用多通道非定常数值计算方法对其5种不同轴向间距下的内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟。结果表明:在每一种轴向间距下,当压气机节流至某一工况之后,压气机通道内的流动堵塞区主要集中在转子叶顶间隙区域和动叶吸力面尾缘附近以及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内;在同一流量下,随着轴向间距的减小,转子叶根吸力面尾缘处的流动堵塞区有所扩大,但转子叶顶间隙区域及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内的流动堵塞区体积却不断减小,压气机通道内回流区的总体积也随之减小,其结果是压气机的静压升能力和流动稳定性增强且效率增大。通过进一步研究发现:在同一流量下,当轴向间距减小时,转子叶顶间隙区域内的主流轴向动量增大且泄漏流的轴向动量减小,其结果是转子叶顶间隙区域内流动堵塞区的体积减小。     

升浮一体飞行器总体参数设计方法

临近空间飞行器近年来得到了广泛的关注和研究。为克服传统飞艇和太阳能飞机尺寸大、抗风能力差的缺点,本文提出了一种升浮一体飞行器概念方案,并对其总体参数设计方法进行研究。以能量平衡分析为核心,建立了太阳能电池系统、燃料电池系统、推进系统等子系统的数学模型,给出了适合于该飞行器的总体参数设计方法,并对总体设计参数进行了研究。结果表明,升浮一体飞行器相对于传统飞艇,体积下降了53%,长度下降了22%,起飞重量下降了4%。相对于固定翼太阳能飞机,翼展下降了52%,机翼面积减小了56%,起飞重量下降了3.5%。该类飞行器总体参数对飞行速度非常敏感,飞行速度从30 m/s提高至40 m/s时,起飞重量增加约1倍,艇体体积增大77%。提高太阳能电池、燃料电池和螺旋桨效率可有效降低起飞重量,且升浮一体飞行器比传统飞艇对上述参数更敏感。     

Flow field characteristics,mixing and emissions performance of a lab-scale rich-quench-lean trapped-vortex combustor utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body

In this study, the low emission combustion technology of Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) has been applied in Trapped-Vortex Combustor (TVC), and the combinative RQL-TVC shows a promising low emissions performance. By utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body, a lab-scale RQL-TVC was designed. The flow fields of RQL-TVC were measured by 2-D PIV and predicted by 3-D numerical simulation. Flow structures, radial profiles of normalized mean axial velocity, turbulence intensity and mixing level of the quench zone were analyzed. Results reveal that the dual-vortex and the single-vortex flow patterns both exist in cavities and quench zone of RQL-TVC, and the turbulence intensity is strong in the quench zone with some reverse flows. The spiral vortex was discussed by 3-D streamlines and the detail flow structures of the quench zone were analyzed based on the numerical results. The mixing level of the quench zone was determined, and results show that the quench device enhances the mixing level compared with TVC. Combustion efficiency and emissions performance were investigated experimentally, and results demonstrate that RQL-TVC has relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower emission index of CO, UHC and NO_x than the same size lab-scale TVC in present work.