改进遗传算法的纵列式直升机总体参数优化设计

研究纵列式双旋翼直升机总体参数的优化设计方法,在分析双旋翼气动干扰对旋翼气动特性影响的基础上,采用改进的遗传算法,以运输效率为目标、以飞行性能和重量效率等参数为约束条件,建立优化设计模型,优化纵列式直升机总体参数。以CH-47D纵列式直升机为优化算例,计算结果表明,本文提出的优化方法是可行的,优化效果良好。     

机载智能泵源系统的开发研制

针对飞机高压、大功率所带来的节流损失急剧增加的问题,提出了一种根据飞机工作任务设定工作模式和输入给定量的智能泵源系统. 其控制与管理实际上是一个递阶计算机控制系统,上位机(机载公共设备管理计算机)负责根据飞行任务选择泵的工作模式和输入量设定(必要时还可以包括控制律的选择和控制参数的设定),下位机负责现场控制律的实现、控制量输出和数据采集等工作. 研制了智能泵的微控制器和原理样机. 所构成的智能泵源系统可以根据飞行任务需要选择工作模式并自动设定相应的输入量(压力、流量或负载敏感压差),实现对功率利用情况的有效管理,从而有效抑制系统的温升并提高飞机的机动性和生存能力.      

Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible mechanisms for production of non-thermal electrons which are responsible for the observed non-thermal radiation in clusters of galaxies. Our primary focus is on non-thermal Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering, that produce hard X-ray emission. We first give a brief review of acceleration mechanisms and point out that in most astrophysical situations, and in particular for the intracluster medium, shocks, turbulence and plasma waves play a crucial role. We also outline how the effects of the turbulence can be accounted for. Using a generic model for turbulence and acceleration, we then consider two scenarios for production of non-thermal radiation. The first is motivated by the possibility that hard X-ray emission is due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung by nonrelativistic particles and attempts to produce non-thermal tails by accelerating the electrons from the background plasma with an initial Maxwellian distribution. For acceleration rates smaller than the Coulomb energy loss rate, the effect of energising the plasma is to primarily heat the plasma with little sign of a distinct non-thermal tail. Such tails are discernible only for acceleration rates comparable or larger than the Coulomb loss rate. However, these tails are accompanied by significant heating and they are present for a short time of <10⁶ years, which is also the time that the tail will be thermalised. A longer period of acceleration at such rates will result in a runaway situation with most particles being accelerated to very high energies. These more exact treatments confirm the difficulty with this model, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557:560, 2001). Such non-thermal tails, even if possible, can only explain the hard X-ray but not the radio emission which needs GeV or higher energy electrons. For these and for production of hard X-rays by the inverse Compton model, we need the second scenario where there is injection and subsequent acceleration of relativistic electrons. It is shown that a steady state situation, for example arising from secondary electrons produced from cosmic ray proton scattering by background protons, will most likely lead to flatter than required electron spectra or it requires a short escape time of the electrons from the cluster. An episodic injection of relativistic electrons, presumably from galaxies or AGN, and/or episodic generation of turbulence and shocks by mergers can result in an electron spectrum consistent with observations but for only a short period of less than one billion years.     

基于GRNN网络和遗传算法的旋翼动平衡调整

针对传统旋翼调整方法没有考虑调整参数与振动信号之间的非线性关系,提出一种结合广义回归神经网络GRNN(General Regression Neural Network)和遗传算法的旋翼调整方法,采用GRNN建立旋翼动平衡调整模型,以桨叶调整参数作为GRNN输入,以旋翼转轴3个方向的加速度测量值和机身3个方向加速度测量值作为网络输出,建立调整参数与直升机振动信号之间的模型.以直升机振动作为目标函数,采用改进的遗传算法对桨叶调整参数进行寻优,获得直升机振动最小时的桨叶的调整量.飞行实验表明,通过1到2次飞行调整,可使3个方向机身振动(旋翼的一阶振动)为最小,完成旋翼的动平衡调整.      

飞行训练模拟器广角无限显示系统设计

飞行训练模拟器广角无限显示系统是飞行训练模拟器的重要组成部分,其设计质量直接影响到飞行模拟器的性能.而广角无限显示系统中准直镜和背投屏的面形是决定广角无限显示系统成像质量的关键因素,因此,准直镜和背投屏的设计成为研制广角无限显示系统的关键.针对设计适用于双座飞机飞行模拟的广角无限显示系统的技术要求,讨论了零视场消像散条件,选取可保证零视场像散为零的镯形面作为准直反射镜的面形,确定了准直镜的尺寸;以弥散斑最小为原则,通过反向光线追迹得到了背投屏的面形和位置,最后进行了准直精度计算.设计的广角无限显示系统可达到水平视场180°,垂直视场45°,已用于飞行训练.      

Report on the Kiso cometary dust trail survey

Cometary dust trails were first observed by IRAS; they are widely known to be the origins of meteoric showers. A new window has been opened for the study of dust trails, using ground-based observations. We succeeded in obtaining direct images of the 22P/Kopff dust trail with the Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. Following this initial success, we have continued to perform a dust trail survey at Kiso. As a result of this survey, we have detected dust trails along the orbit of six periodic comets, between February 2002 and March 2004. The optical depth of these dust trails are 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸, which is consistent with IRAS measurements. In this paper, we describe the observations and data reduction procedures, and report the brief result obtained between February 2002 and March 2004.     

基于6σ设计的复合推力高速直升机总体参数多目标优化

针对复合推力高速直升机总体设计阶段总体参数的选择问题,提出一种提高可靠性和鲁棒性的基于6σ设计的改进多目标遗传算法优化方法。采用叶素理论和数值积分的方法分析计算了复合推力高速直升机气动及飞行性能,并以此为基础建立了约束函数和初步目标函数模型;将6σ设计融入改进的多目标遗传算法中,构造最终目标函数;在给定有效载荷设计要求下,对复合推力高速直升机总体参数进行了多目标优化设计。该方法获得了所需的Pareto解,优化后的复合推力高速直升机飞行性能相对原机有了较大改善,算例结果表明该方法有效可行。     

现代飞机制造成本控制方法研究

介绍了作业成本法(Activity-BasedCosting-ABC)及其全新的成本管理和控制思想。通过对工业工程(IndustryEngineering-IE)的技术特性与ABC算法内在联系的探讨,建立了一个IE+ABC成本控制体系,目的是对飞机制造过程的成本实施有效控制。企业实证初步表明了这个成本控制体系的实际应用效果及其研究推广价值。     

复合式共轴直升机过渡模式的操纵策略

根据复合式共轴直升机的构型特点,建立了上/下旋翼、机翼、机身、全动平尾、垂尾（含方向舵）和螺旋桨的气动力模型,并在此基础上建立了过渡过程的配平方程.针对过渡飞行过程的操纵冗余问题,分别采用线性过渡和功率最小优化过渡两种过渡飞行方案,对复合式共轴直升机的过渡飞行过程的操纵策略进行了研究.以样例复合式共轴直升机为例,进行了过渡飞行模式下两种操纵策略的配平计算,并对两种过渡操纵策略下的需用功率、操纵量和姿态进行了对比.结果表明:所述两种过渡方案均能解决操纵冗余问题,并能合理给出过渡模式的操纵量和姿态.在操纵量变化的平稳度、飞行控制的难易程度和飞行品质方面,线性过渡方案更优.      

通用飞机梯形机翼的富勒襟翼滑轨轨迹研究

襟翼滑轨轨迹控制着襟翼的运动轨迹,决定着其几何特性,是飞机襟翼操纵系统滑轨机构工程设计的重要输入因素.提出一种设计襟翼滑轨轨迹的新方法,该方法对梯形机翼的富勒式襟翼运动进行简化,根据襟翼的运动规律,将其运动简化为近似绕翼尖外空间一点作圆锥曲面运动,并结合CATIA V5的模拟分析,最终设计出满足要求的襟翼滑轨轨迹.运12F飞机的工程应用实践表明,该方法对通用飞机的设计具有较高的实用价值.