新一代战斗机座舱盖关键技术与设计方案

座舱是战斗机三大电磁散射源之一，座舱盖雷达散射截面（RCS）的减缩技术是实现新一代战斗机全机雷达隐身性能的关键技术。基于新一代战斗机隐身外形平台，座舱盖在隐身技术、透明件结构、抗鸟撞、弹射救生、光学性能、结构变形控制等领域均面临新的挑战。本文以新一代战斗机为背景，研究了座舱盖性能提升的4项关键技术：座舱盖隐身性能提升技术、大型整体座舱盖透明件结构设计技术、复杂曲面座舱盖光学性能仿真优化技术、大尺寸活动部件变形及状态控制技术。经过上述关键技术研究，完成了新一代战斗机座舱盖设计技术体系的升级，促进了新一代战斗机座舱盖技术和性能的跨代提升。     

Optimum design and experiment of composite leaf spring landing gear for electric aircraft

The composite leaf spring landing gear of an electric aircraft is optimized. With the strength and workability as constraints and the minimum structural weight as an objective, the two-stage optimization of the leaf spring landing gear with glass fiber unidirectional prepreg is carried out using a genetic algorithm, namely, the optimization of continuous thickness of layup, and the optimization of the layup sequence and discrete thickness. In the optimization process, the ground loads are calculated according to the structural stiffness of each chromosome, thus the stiffness constraints are relaxed, and the optimization results are compared with those using stiffness constraints. The static experiment verification reveals that the numerical simulation and experimental results are consistent, that is, the optimized leaf spring meets the strength requirements. The results show that the leaf spring landing gear based on two-stage optimization method achieves the objective of weight reduction.     

Machining deformation of single-sided component based on finishing allowance optimization

Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio, large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry. Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components, machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification. In order to address the problem, it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance. To find the overall machining deformation, finishing allowance-induced deformation (web finishing allowance, sidewall finishing allowance) and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors. Meanwhile, machined surface residual stress-induced deformation, clamping stress-induced deformation, thermal deformation, gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model. Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress. Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress, a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowance-induced deformation. In addition, linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation. Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm. Additionally, web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were 1.05 mm and 0.7 mm. Furthermore, the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy, which made 39–56% reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.     

薄板光学反射面面形变形驱动器集成设计

针对某光学载荷薄板反射面面形调整需求,对一种新型精密微调驱动器开展了集成设计研究。分析了柔性太阳翼冷热交变对敏感载荷的影响,设计了一种基于巨磁致伸缩材料(GMM)的主动补偿驱动器,对驱动器关键部件进行了优化。建立了驱动器的动力学模型,并利用模糊自适应PID算法对其进行闭环控制。仿真结果表明:设计的驱动器能实现较大的行程、较高的定位精度,可用于面形变形补偿。     

发动机推力及拦阻力对起落架载荷的影响分析

以某型舰载飞机为研究对象,建立舰载机拦阻着舰动力学模型,考虑了拦截索拉力、气动力和发动机推力.对模型进行数值求解,分析在拦阻过程中发动机推力及拦阻力对起落架缓冲器轴力的影响.结果表明:在舰载机着舰前0.3s内,发动机推力和拦阻力对起落架缓冲器轴力影响很小;0.3 s后发动机推力会同时增大起落架缓冲器轴力峰值;拦阻力会增大前起落架缓冲器轴力峰值,减小主起落架缓冲器轴力峰值.     

Robust design of NLF airfoils

 A robust optimization design approach of natural laminar airfoils is developed in this paper. First, the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) free form deformation method based on NURBS basis function is introduced to the airfoil parameterization. Second, aerodynamic characteristics are evaluated by solving Navier-Stokes equations, and the γ-Re_θt transition model coupling with shear-stress transport (SST) turbulent model is introduced to simulate boundary layer transition. A numerical simulation of transition flow around NLF0416 airfoil is conducted to test the code. The comparison between numerical simulation results and wind tunnel test data approves the validity and applicability of the present transition model. Third, the optimization system is set up, which uses the separated particle swarm optimization (SPSO) as search algorithm and combines the Kriging models as surrogate model during optimization. The system is applied to carry out robust design about the uncertainty of lift coefficient and Mach number for NASA NLF-0115 airfoil. The data of optimized airfoil aerodynamic characteristics indicates that the optimized airfoil can maintain laminar flow stably in an uncertain range and has a wider range of low drag.     

弧齿锥齿轮高精度离散数值齿面啮合分析

基于弧齿锥齿轮齿面3坐标测量网格点数据,采用齿面间距计算的局部坐标法、齿面最小间距计算的流水法、齿面最小间距调整的无约束优化法和高精度齿面逐级加密等离散数值齿面啮合分析技术,得到了离散数值齿面的啮合印痕和传动误差曲线.以发动机传动系统中的1对弧齿锥齿轮为例,验证了数值计算技术的可行性.结果表明:测量齿面数据隅于轮齿范围之内,该技术也可用于检测弧齿锥齿轮加工质量,并为真实齿面加工参数反求和重构提供输入数据.     

一种冷热交变环境下太阳帆应力保持方法

针对冷热交变环境导致太阳帆内部应力剧烈变化的问题,基于形状记忆合金(SMA)弹簧提出了太阳帆的张拉方案和薄膜应力保持恒定的方法,该方法利用形状记忆合金在高低温下的刚度非线性特性,有效补偿薄膜和支撑杆之间的间隙变化,以使薄膜内部应力基本保持恒定。针对六边形构型太阳帆开展了数值仿真,首先建立了太阳帆的热分析模型和力学分析模型,获取了高低温工况下的温度场。然后通过热致变形分析得到薄膜与支撑杆在高低温工况下的间隙变化,据此确定形状记忆合金弹簧的参数。最后对太阳帆在高低温工况下的薄膜内部应力进行了验证。     

某无人机起落架缓冲器防卡滞优化设计

以某无人机起落架为研究对象,基于经典卡滞分析理论,建立了起落架卡滞特性分析数学模型,并分析了在不同地面载荷工况下的卡滞特性,发现在右转弯工况下临界摩擦系数小于0.1,存在卡滞隐患.进而以存在卡滞隐患的右转弯工况为例,开展了缓冲器上下支承初始间距、轮轴半轴长和扭力臂位置角对卡滞特性的参数影响研究,并在此基础上进行了针对该工况的起落架结构参数优化设计,通过优化设计,可使起落架减重6％左右.     

Determination of crustal deformations based on GPS observing-session duration in Marmara region,Turkey

This paper reports on the estimation of changes of a GPS-based crustal deformation field as function of the observing session duration. This investigation was carried out on the Marmara Continuous GPS Network (Marmara region) by using GPS data collected on a set of 10 stations during the period 2002.50–2005.47 The GPS observations were processed in the ITRF 2005 reference frame using Bernese v5.0 software.