吸气式连续旋转爆震与来流相互作用

以加热空气为氧化剂,氢气为燃料,开展了吸气式连续旋转爆震试验,研究了连续旋转爆震与来流的相互作用。通过测量隔离段和爆震燃烧室压力,发现了3种相互作用类型:类型1:连续旋转爆震对空气来流不产生影响;类型2:空气来流中存在高频压力振荡,且主频与连续旋转爆震波的传播频率相同,但来流总压不变;类型3:空气来流中存在与连续旋转爆震波传播频率相同的高频压力振荡,且来流总压升高。初步对比了爆震燃烧室尺寸的影响,结果表明随着爆震燃烧室面积的减小,连续旋转爆震对来流的影响增强,影响区域也向上游扩展。     

由火焰聚心和激波聚焦诱导的爆震波研究

通过对几种不同结构形式的爆震发生器进行数值模拟,研究了激波聚焦和火焰聚心现象、气动特性及其机理.数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学和化学动力学过程.数值计算表明用较低的点火能量对射流火焰燃烧器中可燃混合物点火,层流火焰在狭窄管壁作用下加速,射流火焰在轴线上汇聚过程有利于激波的加强,强激波加速火焰,在多重激波与火焰反复作用下,激波和火焰面之间出现热点,热点迅速放大并形成压力很高的过驱爆震波,而后衰减为稳定的爆震波,不同的激波聚焦腔爆震波的形成过程不同.通过对数值计算的结果进行分析,得到了起爆距离和稳定爆震距离,为进一步试验提供参考.     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机增推装置性能试验

以液态汽油为燃料,通过在双管脉冲爆震涡轮发动机(PDTE)原理样机的涡轮出口加装不同喷管和引射器等增推装置,利用试验研究了不同增推装置对自吸气工作模式下(工作频率10~20 Hz)发动机工作状态及推进性能的影响。结果表明:虽然加装3种尾喷管之后涡轮转速、压气机增压比及压气机流量都有不同程度的下降,但发动机都获得了不同程度的推力增益;相比于工作频率20 Hz时无喷管发动机推力114.95 N,发动机加装尾喷管后最大推力可达143.3 N,实现增推24.7%,最大单位推力为749.87 N·s/kg;加装引射器后可以进一步增推,发动机最大推力达到200.67 N,实现增推39.8%,同时这种增推效果随着工作频率的升高而逐渐增大。     

Thrust measurement method verification and analytical studies on a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine

In order to test the feasibility of a new thrust stand system based on impulse thrust mea- surement method, a liquid-fueled pulse detonation engine （PDE） is designed and built. Thrust per- formance of the engine is obtained by direct thrust measurement with a force transducer and indirect thrust measurement with an eddy current displacement sensor （ECDS）. These two sets of thrust data are compared with each other to verify the accuracy of the thrust performance. Then thrust data measured by the new thrust stand system are compared with the verified thrust data to test its feasibility. The results indicate that thrust data from the force transducer and ECDS system are consistent with each other within the range of measurement error. Though the thrust data from the impulse thrust measurement system is a litter lower than that from the force transducer due to the axial momentum losses of the detonation jet, the impulse thrust measurement method is valid when applied to measure the averaged thrust of PDE. Analytical models of PDE are also discussed in this paper. The analytical thrust performance is higher than the experimental data due to ignoring the losses during the deflagration to detonation transition process. Effect of equivalence ratio on the engine thrust performance is investigated by utilizing the modified analytical model. Thrust reaches maximum at the equivalence ratio of about 1.1.     

爆轰胞格尺寸的统计分析

爆轰胞格尺寸作为可燃系统的本征值,可用来确定爆轰传播时的临界尺寸,比如直管传播时的临界管径、管道突扩时的临界尺寸等.然而,该尺寸的测量具有较强的主观性.为了减少人工测量带来的不确定性,文章采用两种统计方法:概率密度函数法和自相关函数法,对数值模拟得到的不同规则程度的爆轰胞格进行了统计分析.爆轰胞格的不规则程度采用单步反...     

Criteria for hypersonic airbreathing propulsion and its experimental verification

Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions.     

脉冲爆震发动机的研究与发展

本文论述了脉冲爆震发动机的工作原理,主要特点,应用前景以及国外发展趋势。汇报了本研究小组在脉冲爆震发动机方面所进行的理论,试验,数值分析研究成果。对21世纪脉冲爆震发动机的研究内容,关键技术,发展途径进行了探讨。      

多循环脉冲爆震发动机概念化设计

为发展一种基于多循环爆震试验的新的脉冲爆震发动机结构设计方法，以汽油为燃料、空气为氧化剂，在内径为50mm的脉冲爆震发动机模型内产生了充分发展的脉冲爆震，根据试验结果对脉冲爆震发动机的结构参数进行了设计，设计结果更接近工程实际。研究发现，当发动机结构尺寸一定时，决定推力壁压力等效作用时间的经验常数K不是一个定值，而是随爆震频率的增大按一定函数关系减小，当爆震频率增大到一定程度时，经验常数的变化幅度逐渐减小并最终趋于常值3．90。根据得到的经验性的函数关系计算出单次爆震的经验常数K为5．35。     

测量爆燃到爆震转捩距离的离子探针技术研究

为了测量爆震管中从爆燃到爆震转捩距离,研制了一套基于对比电路的离子探针系统。通过该系统测量爆震管中火焰传播速度的轴向分布,确定了爆燃到爆震的转捩距离。系统结构简单,造价低廉,可用于高温环境下测量。运用该系统测量的乙炔与氧气混合气从爆燃到爆震转捩的距离,其结果与采用高频响的压力传感器系统的测量结果一致。      

爆震燃烧的特性研究

研究了爆震管中爆震燃烧的压力特性及爆燃到爆震转捩 (DDT)特性。在乙炔与氧气的预混气中 ,通过高频响压力传感器及自行研制的离子探针 ,测量了不同工况下爆震燃烧的压力与火焰传播速度的变化历程 ,获得了爆震波峰值压力、波后压力及 DDT距离随混气初始压力 (2×10 4 Pa～ 1× 10 5Pa)、混气当量比 (0 .3～ 1.0 )及混气浓度 (6 0 %～ 10 0 % )的变化规律。试验结果表明 :降低预混气的压力、混气当量比及浓度会使爆震波的峰值压力、波后压力不同程度的下降 ,DDT距离增大 ,其中 DDT距离对混气浓度最敏感