微重力动态水气分离器性能仿真与理论分析

开展微重力动态水气分离器性能研究,对水气分离技术设计与优化具有重要意义。根据动态水气分离器内部结构和流动形式,建立了基于环状流-库特流假设的理论分析模型,提出了基于界面概率近似方法的欧拉双流体模型描述由流动形态转化造成的混合流多尺度界面,采用多参考系方法处理转动与非转动区域之间的变量交互问题。应用理论分析与仿真两种方法研究动态水气分离器准稳态和瞬态特性的无量纲参数变化规律。结果表明：理论分析与仿真结果具有较强的相互验证关系;准稳态的增压比和能耗特性能提供设计参数选择依据,能效比能确定最佳工作区间;分离阶段瞬态特性与入口流动参数无关,输运阶段瞬态特性与入口流动参数、液路出口阻尼相关;以输运压力作为液路出口电磁阀关闭充分条件可实现液分离效率不受入口流动参数影响。     

Numerical simulation of flow in swirl injector for power-law fluid

In order to investigate the flow characteristics of swirl injectors for gelled propellants, which actually behaved as non-Newtonian power-law fluid, a swirl axisymmetric model was established to solve Navier-Stokes equations and VOF (volume of fluid) equation, and the power-law constitutive equation was used to describe the rheology characteristics of the gelled propellants. The film thickness and velocity distribution in the swirl injector under different flow conditions were studied numerically. The simulation results show that the increased geometry characteristic parameter of the swirl injector contributes to the decrease of liquid film thickness. The liquid film thickness is almost independent of the pressure drop. The rheologic parameters have great influences on the inner flow of swirl injector: by increasing the fluid consistency index K and power index n, both the axial and the swirl velocities decrease dramatically; higher fluid consistency index K and power index n make the liquid film thickness increase. When the viscosity is large enough, the air core in the injector would vanish.      

某燃气轮机空气雾化喷嘴的试验研究

进行了某型燃机空气雾化喷嘴燃油喷雾特性的试验研究。得到以下结论：在油压不变的情况下,雾化锥角总是随着空气压力的增加有所减小,索特尔平均直径SMD随之迅速减小,整体减小幅度大约在10-30μm;气压不变时,雾化锥角和索特尔平均直径随着油压的增加而稍有增大;当气压为0.3MPa时,索特尔平均直径基本都保持在30μm以内。     

基于正交设计的气-气喷嘴数值模拟

通过应用正交表安排喷嘴的主要参数以进行设计,并对以气氢/气氧为推进剂的同轴剪切喷嘴进行数值模拟.选择燃烧位置为评价喷嘴性能的参数,研究单喷嘴质量流量、氧喷嘴压降、速度比和氧喷嘴出口角度对喷嘴的燃烧位置的影响.通过对数值模拟的结果的极差和方差分析表明:增大流量使推进剂的燃烧位置远离喷注面,流量是对燃烧位置影响程度最大参数;提高速度比使燃烧位置与喷注面距离缩短,而氧压降和氧喷嘴出口角度变化对燃烧位置的影响较小.      

外涵引气双层壁喷油杆冷却特性数值模拟

通过数值模拟对新型加力用外涵引气双层壁喷油杆冷却性能进行了研究.该喷油杆为双层壁结构, 从外涵引气冷却喷油杆.首先对实验油杆冷却性能进行了计算, 并与油杆冷却性能模拟实验结果进行了对比, 两者变化规律基本符合, 表明该计算方法可用.随后用该方法对真实加力室油杆冷却性能进行了计算, 得到该喷油杆在真实加力室4个工况下外套及油杆内壁温度分布及从外涵引气量.数值模拟结果表明该双层壁喷油杆方案可以有效引气和降温, 使得喷油杆在高温的加力燃烧室内能正常工作.      

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部传热分析

对面关机针栓式喷注器发动机头部的传热情况进行了分析建模,应用数值方法分别计算了发动机在工作过程和关机后头部集液腔内推进剂温度的瞬态变化情况.计算结果表明,发动机在工作过程中头部集液腔中的推进剂温升很小,关机后推进剂有不超过200℃的温升.从计算结果来看,头部的推进剂处于安全的温度范围内.     

压力对离心式喷注器雾化特性影响的试验研究

针对不同入口压力对喷注器雾化特性的影响的问题,对某一双组元姿控推力器的离心式喷注器进行大气环境下不同入口压力的雾化试验.高速摄影试验对喷注器雾化形成过程进行了拍照与分析,PDA试验对喷注器稳态工作时的雾化特性进行了测量与分析,并对试验结果进行了拟合计算.试验结果表明该喷注器有良好的雾化性能,入口压力的增加使得喷雾场可以更加快速的形成和稳定,雾化锥角变大,雾化质量更好,但是变化趋势随压力增大而减缓;计算得到的关系式可预测该喷注器不同工况下液滴的索太尔平均直径,对喷注器优化设计有一定的指导意义.     

气液两相流在180°弯头上T形管处相分离的实验研究

利用180°弯头上的T形管考察气液两相流的相分离行为,以加深对两相流在T形管处相分离机理的理解。以空气和水为两相流工作介质,在鼓泡流和环状流条件下,入口主管分别以垂直向上和垂直向下2种方式放置,通过改变气液入口流型和流速,考察了180°弯头上T形管处合力的大小和流型的变化,测定了该处的相分离数据。实验结果表明:入口主管垂直向上时,在鼓泡流条件下,气体主要受液体的浮力作用,液相主要受重力作用,侧支管以气相采出占优,增加气液流速对气相采出不利;而在环状流条件下,液体离心力占主导地位,侧支管以液相采出占优为主,气液两相流速增加对相分离有利;主管垂直向下时,在环状流条件下,以液体向下的离心力和重力占主导地位,侧支管中液相采出占优,增大气体流速或者液体流速,不利于液相在侧支管的采出。利用T形管处的合力大小、入口流型和两相入口动量能有效解释相分离结果的变化规律。     

多射流喷射器的压电激励特性

采用数值模拟方法研究了多射流喷射器的压电激励特性,获得了喷射器的压力、流量和速度波动特性。研究结果表明:多射流喷射器内的压力脉动主要受壁面运动特性影响,压力振幅随激励频率增大而增大;而封闭腔内的压力脉动与壁面位移造成的容积变化有关,压力振幅不随激励频率变化,因此基于封闭腔假设的理论计算方法不能准确预测喷射器的压力脉动。在多射流喷射器内,入口和出口的流量振幅不相同;不同位置的压力振幅分布不均匀导致了不同喷孔的速度振幅存在差异,并对射流形态产生影响。