分子动力学及热分析方法研究CL-20与推进剂主要组分的相互作用

采用分子动力学模拟(MD)计算与差示扫描量热法(DSC)相结合,研究六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)与推进剂主要组分间的相互作用,用理论键长变化趋势分析实验结果。分子动力学模拟计算键长变化趋势结果表明,CL-20与黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)混合体系的引发键N—NO2键最大键长Lmax随温度升高显著的单调递增,且当CL-20与RDX、HMX共混后,键长普遍增大,更容易断裂分解;而CL-20与硝化棉(NC)、硝化甘油(NG)共混后各个键长均与单质状态下存在时的键长相比变化不大,一些键长均小于其单质状态下存在时的键长,推测CL-20与NG、NC键混合后稳定性较好,不易发生键的断裂分解。DSC结果表明,CL-20与RDX和HMX之间在大于156℃的较高温度条件下存在强烈的相互作用,CL-20与NG、NC之间没有明显的化学作用。     

粒度和形貌及粒度分布对RDX安全和热分解性能的影响

采用溶剂/非溶剂法和筛分法,通过控制搅拌速度及溶剂与非溶剂温度差,制备了不同粒度、形貌和粒度分布的RDX粉末。利用激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行了相应表征;利用撞击和摩擦感度试验、慢烤试验及DSC测试分别研究了不同粒度、形貌及粒度分布的RDX样品的安全性能和热分解特性。研究结果表明,粒度、形貌及粒度分布是影响RDX安全和热分解性能的重要因素。随着粒度的减小,RDX的机械和热感度显著降低。另外,窄粒度分布的RDX样品普遍具有更低的机械感度,而宽粒度分布的RDX样品通常具有更好的热稳定性。     

复合固体推进剂的相(微相)分离

复合固体推进剂中存在两种形式的相分离，一种是由于粘合剂体系的混溶性差或是由于粘中合剂和增塑剂的结晶及凝胶作用造成的；另一种为聚氨酯粘合剂基体中软硬段的微相分离，两种相分离可以同时发生，但其对复合固体推进剂性能的影响不同，粘合剂与增塑剂的相分离有可能导臻推进剂性能的严重下降，而适宜的微相分离则能显著提高推进剂的力学性能，可以采用微相分离促进剂、离子化和形成互穿聚合物网络的方法来改善推进剂的微相分离，提高其务学性能。     

硝胺推进剂燃烧性能研究

研究了硝胺推进剂中固体组分含量和粒度对推进剂燃速和压强指数的影响，得出了含量和粒度与硝胺推进剂的燃烧性能有着密切关系的结论。定性分析了它们对推进剂燃烧性能的影响，并从理论上说明了它们对推进剂燃烧性能产生影响的原因。     

NEPE推进剂“两段式”老化的动力学研究

NEPE推进剂老化表现为"两段式",即稳定剂完全消耗前后(分别对应Ⅰ阶段和Ⅱ阶段),推进剂力学性能出现显著差异.文中借鉴双基系推进剂和NEPE推进剂老化研究结果,在进一步分析"两段式"老化特性的基础上,探讨了提高NEPE推进剂贮存寿命的技术途径,计算了"两段式"老化过程的动力学参数,并比较了温度对两阶段主要反应的影响.结果表明,Ⅰ阶段稳定剂消耗反应和Ⅱ阶段推进剂聚合物基体降解反应的表观活化能分别为86.18 kJ/mol和166.35 kJ/mol,常温25 ℃时两阶段的老化速率分别为1.30×10~(-4) d~(-1)和2.75×10~(-6) d~(-1),温度对两个老化阶段都有很大影响,但老化第Ⅱ阶段受温度的影响远大于第Ⅰ阶段.     

气气快速预混喷嘴内部结构仿真研究

应用稳态时N—S方程、RNGk-ε湍流模型以及非预混燃烧模型对几种预混喷嘴进行了仿真计算。内部结构分别为无肋片无凹槽式、肋片式、凹槽式及凹槽／肋片组合式。从总压损失和掺混效果2方面进行了比较分析,分析认为：凹槽／肋片组合结构的掺混效果相对较好。研究结果可为快速预混喷嘴试验件设计提供一定参考依据。     

氢氧推进剂在轨加注若干关键问题研究进展

为了实现深空探测和大型空间站的建设,有必要对氢氧推进剂的在轨加注技术进行研究。通过文献调研和对比,重点分析氢氧推进剂在轨加注遇到的若干热力学和流体力学问题。首先介绍了可以用于氢氧贮箱蒸发量控制的被动热防护技术,目的是实现推进剂的长期在轨贮存。其次,对9种常用的常规推进剂在轨测量技术进行比较,得出适用于氢氧贮箱内剩余推进剂的测量方法。最后,针对在轨低温推进剂的气液分离问题,分析了正推法和表面张力贮箱在氢氧贮箱气液分离中的适用性。通过对氢氧推进剂在轨加注关键问题的调研和论证,为我国氢氧推进剂在空间环境下的长期在轨使用和再加注提供技术参考。     

Investigation into the transient flow characteristics of noble gas propellants using the pulsed inductive discharge in electric propulsion

The Pulsed Inductive Thruster (PIT) has the advantages of repeatable startup, no corruption and in-situ propellant feed. To study the flow expansion and circuit characteristics of PITs, the circuit-fluid model is developed, and the high temperature thermodynamic and transport models are combined with the circuit-fluid model to predict the critical plasma parameters. The flow fields of initial mass of 2–8 mg and charge voltages of 10–14 kV are simulated. Comparison of the flow fields of argon and helium propellants suggests that, the flow field structures are similar. Slight differences exist on the magnitude of the density and magnetic field, caused by larger velocity in lighter atom case and difference on the ionization gap between adjacent ionization levels. Analysis of the circuit characteristics by the two-dimensional results indicates that the ratio of coil inductance to circuit inductance affects both the rise rate and phase of the plasma current, the larger the ratio, the greater the rise rate and the better the following characteristic. The calculations show that the magnetic energy obtained within the decoupling distance determines the overall performance the thruster can be obtained; self-induced field maintained by the thermal motion after the main pulse leads to the long attenuation process and difference on the total impulse when the angle of conical pylon is varied under constant coil dimension.     

Dependence of density and burning rate of composite solid propellant on mixer size

This paper examines the effect of mixer size on the density of the propellant and it also explores the role of the propellant density with regards to burning rate and burn rate pressure index. Propellant samples were prepared in the four different size (15, 70, 200 and 1000 g) mixers with identical input of ingredients to examine the effect of mixer size on density and burning rate of the composite solid propellant. It was noticed that density and burning rate of the propellant changes significantly with change in the mixer size from 15 g to 1000 g. This is because for the smaller mixers the surface area to volume ratio is large and the actual percentage of aluminum and ammonium perchlorate (especially coarse) that goes into the propellant reduces. High burning rate with decrease in mixer size is also accompanied with increase in burn rate pressure index. The composition analysis was also carried out and it is noticed that the actual percentage of the ingredients is different from the intended percentage of the ingredients and percentage change is more when the mixer size decreases.     

机械冲击载荷下粘性加热对颗粒填充固体推进剂热点形成的影响

利用热粘弹理论和动力有限元方法,分析了推进剂在机械冲击载荷下应力-应变时间历程及粘性加热生热率;将含能颗粒作为圆球体,通过热传导及热分解化学动力学模型,建立了颗粒融化、分解、放热过程的微观模型;将微观模型与宏观变形分析相结合,研究了推进剂基体粘性加热对推进剂内部热点形成的影响;进行数值模拟计算,确定热点形成的外部条件。计算表明,机械冲击载荷能导致基体升温、含能颗粒受热分解,在一定条件下形成热点。