推力室逆置点火瞬时真空舱流场数值与试验研究

针对高空模拟舱内逆向布置的推力室点火瞬时过程中舱内压力的变化规律进行了理论和数值仿真分析,推力室高速气流的动能是推力室短程点火过程中舱内压力大幅上升的主要原因.为保证推力室点火时舱内的真空度,需要在推力室出口配置导流装置将燃气导出真空舱.对单台和4台并联推力室进行点火试验,试验表明：采用燃气导流能够较好保持舱内真空度,是整机多推力室高空模拟试验的新思路.     

油液含气量对液压系统的影响

飞机液压系统油液的含气量，空气进入飞机液压系统的形式以及飞机液压系统油液中的空气对飞机液压系统的影响，慢慢被国内外从事液压系统研制人们所重视，在国内，一些大专院校和液压技术研究机构正着手研究液压系统中这些问题。一个好的液压系统，它的抗故障能力是较强的，但是，设计中忽视某些问题，则容易产生这样、那样的故障，甚至使液压系统造成灾难性后果，应引起我们重视。     

Occurrence rate of SAR arcs during the 23rd solar activity cycle

The occurrence rate of SAR arcs during 1997–2007 has been analyzed based on the photometric observations at the Yakutsk meridian (Maimaga station, corrected geomagnetic coordinates: 57°N, 200°E). SAR arcs appeared in 114 cases (∼500 h) during ∼370 nights of observations (∼3170 h). The occurrence frequency of SAR arcs increases to 27% during the growth phase of solar activity and has a clearly defined maximum at a decline of cycle 23. The SAR arc registration probability corresponds to the variations in geomagnetic activity in this solar cycle. The dates, intervals of UT, and geomagnetic latitudes of SAR arc observations at the Yakutsk meridian are presented.     

ZnCr2O4-V2O5-Li2O-ZnO湿敏材料的气体选择性研究

测试了ZnCr2O4-V2O5-Li2O-ZnO感湿体在H2、CO2、煤气、酒精蒸汽等气体环境中电阻的变化情况.结果表明,电阻值明显随环境温度变化但基本不受气体影响.     

Probing solar and stellar interior dynamics and dynamo

Solar and stellar activity is a result of complex interaction between magnetic field, turbulent convection and differential rotation in a star’s interior. Magnetic field is believed to be generated by a dynamo process in the convection zone. It emerges on the surface forming sunspots and starspots. Localization of the magnetic spots and their evolution with the activity cycle is determined by large-scale interior flows. Thus, the internal dynamics of the Sun and other stars hold the key to understanding the dynamo mechanism and activity cycles. Recently, significant progress has been made for modeling magnetohydrodynamics of the stellar interiors and probing the internal rotation and large-scale dynamics of the Sun by helioseismology. Also, asteroseismology is beginning to probe interiors of distant stars. I review key achievements and challenges in our quest to understand the basic mechanisms of solar and stellar activity.     

基于偏最小二乘回归分析的装备研制费用估算方法及应用

介绍了寿命周期费用的概念以及各阶段分布情况;针对经典回归分析的不足,采用偏最小二乘回归分析对某装备样本数据进行分析建模;建立了研制费用与几个相关指标的回归方程,并将估算结果与经典的回归分析进行对比,验证模型的合理性。该模型能较好地反映了费用与各指标之间的关系,对后续寿命周期费用的分析与控制有一定的意义。     

The Orbital Forcing of Climate Changes on Mars

Solar variability influences the climate of a planet by radiatively forcing changes over a certain timescale; orbital variations of a planet, which yield similar solar forcing modulations, can be studied within the same scientific context. It is known for Earth that obliquity changes have played a critical role in pacing glacial and interglacial eras. For Mars, such orbital changes have been far greater and have generated extreme variations in insolation. Signatures associated with the presence of water ice reservoirs at various positions across the surface of Mars during periods of different orbital configurations have been identified. For this reason, it has been proposed that Mars is currently evolving between ice ages. The advent of climate tools has given a theoretical frame to the study of orbitally-induced climate changes on Mars. These models have provided an explanation to many puzzling observations, which when put together have permitted reconstruction of almost the entire history of Mars in the last 10 million years. This paper proposes to give an overview of the scientific work dedicated to this topic.     

A Class of TVD Type Combined Numerical Scheme for MHD Equations With a Survey About Numerical Methods in Solar Wind Simulations

It has been believed that three-dimensional, numerical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling must play a crucial role in a seamless forecasting system. This system refers to space weather originating on the sun; propagation of disturbances through the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thence, transmission into the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This role comes as no surprise to numerical modelers that participate in the numerical modelling of atmospheric environments as well as the meteorological conditions at Earth. Space scientists have paid great attention to operational numerical space weather prediction models. To this purpose practical progress has been made in the past years. Here first is reviewed the progress of the numerical methods in solar wind modelling. Then, based on our discussion, a new numerical scheme of total variation diminishing (TVD) type for magnetohydrodynamic equations in spherical coordinates is proposed by taking into account convergence, stability and resolution. This new MHD model is established by solving the fluid equations of MHD system with a modified Lax-Friedrichs scheme and the magnetic induction equations with MacCormack II scheme for the purpose of developing a combined scheme of quick convergence as well as of TVD property. To verify the validation of the scheme, the propagation of one-dimensional MHD fast and slow shock problem is discussed with the numerical results conforming to the existing results obtained by the piece-wise parabolic method (PPM). Finally, some conclusions are made. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

J—8ACT验证机平尾助力系统抖振分析

本文对J-8ACT验证机纵向数字电传操纵系统所使用的平尾助力系统的抖振原因和抑制措施进行了线性和非线性分析。证明了引起助力系统抖振的主要原因,除由流量特性决定的过大的流量系数外,对于内反馈式的助力系统来说,不可避免的安装支承间隙是一个重要因素。机械输入式液压伺服裝置的一些重要特性是由滑阀摩擦引起的。这种受机械反馈影响的特殊摩擦力,具有增加液压作动器的增益和滞后作用。由于这个特点,它能抑制/消除助力系统抖振。     

The structure and effects of cooling flows in clusters of galaxies

Rapidly cooling gas is commonly found near the centres of clusters of galaxies. The structure of the resulting gas flows is reviewed. Total gas cooling rates of several hundred M yr⁻¹ have been observed in a number of cases. Thermal instability and the ultimate fate of the cooled gas are discussed. The cooled gas could easily have formed a massive central galaxy.