γ源辐射角度对光子高度计性能的影响分析

为了研究分析月球环境下γ光子高度计源辐射角度对其性能的影响,文章建立了月球着陆器简化模型,利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的粒子输运程序（MCNP）软件仿真计算了接收处理器捕获的光子计数随γ源辐射角度的变化规律。仿真结果表明：辐射角度小于一定值时,光子计数随着辐射角度的增大近似呈线性增长;当γ源辐射角度增大到一定值时,光子计数基本不再有变化。文章的分析方法和结果可以为合理确定γ光子高度计源辐射角度提供设计参考。     

TDC-GP1器件单粒子锁定效应的脉冲激光模拟试验研究

文章介绍了单粒子锁定效应脉冲激光模拟试验的工作原理。以时间测量芯片TDC-GP1为试验对象,利用单粒子锁定模拟试验设备开展了无限流保护电阻和有限流保护电阻的单粒子锁定效应脉冲激光模拟试验研究。结果发现:TCD-GP1芯片在20 nJ脉冲激光辐照下发生了单粒子锁定现象。在对照试验中发现,有限流保护电阻的情况下,在发生锁定时不仅能降低锁定大电流和供电电压,而且还能有效地避免器件的功能损伤。     

TY-4火箭发射装置导流器热结构计算分析

根据TY-4火箭离轨段燃气流瞬态特性,对双面楔形导流器面板强度、温度参数和离轨扰动等具体技术问题进行了计算分析。结果表明,采用熔点和导热系数高的导流材料,使热量沿厚度方向传递,可以容纳燃气传热,降低表面温度,减少烧蚀;导流型面和冲击角的设计,对于减小冲击,抑制火箭起始扰动有重要作用。     

重气体介质中超临界翼型跨声速流动特性

采用Peng-Robinson非理想气体状态方程模拟重气体介质的热力学特性,并与雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程结合,形成封闭的重气体介质流动模型。针对超临界翼型流动问题,利用LU-SGS（lower-upper symmetric Gauss-Seidel）隐式时间推进格式和有限体积法,分别求解空气介质和重气体介质下的流动特性。数值模拟结果表明:在跨声速条件下重气体介质中超临界翼型的升阻力增大、超声速区域表面负压增加、边界层位移厚度减小、激波后移、表面摩擦阻力明显增大、后缘流动分离推迟。该研究为后续重气体介质中飞行器颤振特性研究及修正方法的发展提供了基础支持。      

小高径比扰流柱冷却通道的换热和流动特性

采用数值模拟的方法,对涡轮叶片尾缘处圆形小高径比扰流柱冷却通道的换热和流动特性进行了研究,分析进口雷诺数和扰流柱间距对冷却通道换热和流动特性的作用过程.结果表明:进口雷诺数的提高能够有效改善冷却通道端壁的换热性能,但这种改善能力随着进口雷诺数的提高而逐渐减弱,同时降低冷却通道的压力损失系数.在两种扰流柱间距中,流向间距是影响端壁换热性能的主要因素,随着流向间距的减小,冷却通道换热性能逐渐变好,压力损失系数降低;横向间距是影响冷却通道流动损失的主要因素,两者大小成反比关系.在通道计算中,扰流柱平均换热性能约是端壁平均换热性能的1.8倍,端壁换热权重约是换热面积比0.824倍,同时该权重几乎不受进口雷诺数的影响.      

基于数据网格化方法的低轨辐射带建模技术

地球辐射带中的高能带电粒子是引起航天器材料和器件性能退化甚至失效的主要空间环境因素.因此,航天器设计中所采用的辐射带模型的准确程度对于航天器的生存能力和航天任务的完成质量至关重要.在利用我国自主辐射带高能粒子探测数据进行的辐射带建模中,探测数据的空间网格化是一项非常重要的工作.介绍了我国辐射带探测数据的情况,以及辐射带建模的方法和步骤;重点研究了不同插值方法在低地球轨道(LEO)空间辐射带建模数据网格化中的应用,并开展了误差分析.研究结果表明:在各种常用的插值方法中,反距离加权法、自然邻点法和最近邻点法适合工程化应用.其中,反距离加权法生成的数据网格对粒子通量的反演结果精度最高,该方法采用低阶距离时得到的反演结果更为合理.      

On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.     

Study of the radiation fields in LEO with the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM)

We present the analysis of data taken by the Space Application of Timepix Radiation Monitor (SATRAM). It is centred on a Timepix detector (300?$\mathrm{\mu }$m thick silicon sensor, pixel pitch 55?$\mathrm{\mu }$m, 256?×?256 pixels). It was flown on Proba-V, an Earth observing satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA) from an altitude of 820?km on a sun-synchronous orbit, launched on May 7, 2013. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to determine the detector response to electrons (0.5–7?MeV) and protons (10–400?MeV) in an omnidirectional field taking into account the shielding of the detector housing and the satellite. With the help of the simulation, a strategy was developed to separate electrons, protons and ions in the data. The measured dose rate and stopping power distribution are presented as well as SATRAM’s capability to measure some of the stronger events in Earth’s magnetosphere. The stopping power, the cluster height and the shape of the particle tracks in the sensor were used to separate electrons, protons and ions. The results are presented as well. Finally, the pitch angles for a short period of time were extracted from the data and corrected with the angular response determined by the simulation.     

自适应模糊PID技术在发射场供气系统的应用

针对发射场加注供气系统压力控制非线性、大时滞、变参数问题,设计了一种基于自适应模糊PID技术的闭环压力控制系统。该系统通过对控制器的比例系数Kp、积分系数Ki和微分系数Kd的在线调整,实现了压力的高精度控制。依据试验现场数据采取曲线拟合方法建立系统二阶滞后惯性模型并进行了仿真。通过仿真验证了模型的有效性,效果优于常规PID控制,有效地改善了系统的动态性能和稳态精度,在以PLC控制为核心的发射场自动化控制系统中可推广使用。     

低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落物种多样性的产生和维持机制

空间站微生物严重滋生现象表明：在低剂量电离辐射（Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation,LDIR）环境下,微生物群落物种多样性水平大大增加,其机制目前尚不清楚。在前期调查和具体实验观测的基础上,本研究首次提出LDIR能够使微生物群落中的物种产生不同程度的生长延迟效应,从而减小了物种之间的竞争排斥,诱导并维持了微生物群落的物种多样性。本研究基于经典的Lotka-Volterra竞争模型,将生长延迟时间环节引入其中,得到LDIR下微生物群落的演替模型,在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行大规模的计算机仿真实验,获得LDIR下微生物多样性产生和维持的动力学机制,得到结果可为认识低剂量电离辐射环境下微生物群落的演替过程提供科学的理论依据。