涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射特性数值研究

红外隐身技术对提高未来战机战场生存力具有重要意义,发动机排气系统是飞机后半球的主要红外辐射源。为了研究涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射特性,结合引射喷管的CFD计算,采用离散传递法计算红外辐射强度,研究了普通引射喷管以及带5°下倾角的引射喷管后半球3～5μm以及8～14μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布规律,并与相似尺寸的涡扇/涡喷发动机收缩喷管进行比较。结果表明：在探测角度较大时,涡扇发动机引射喷管的红外辐射强度较收缩喷管小20%左右;引射喷管结构上的非对称性导致红外辐射强度角向分布也呈现非对称性特征;8～14μm波段与3～5μm波段的红外辐射空间分布规律基本相同,但辐射能量小40%左右。     

Cytogenetic examination of cosmonauts for space radiation exposure estimation

Purpose

To evaluate radiation induced chromosome aberration frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes of cosmonauts who participated in flights on Mir Orbital Station and ISS (International Space Station).

Materials and methods

Cytogenetic examination which has been performed in the period 1992–2008 included the analysis of chromosome aberrations using conventional Giemsa staining method in 202 blood samples from 48 cosmonauts who participated in flights on Mir Orbital Station and ISS.

Results

Space flights led to an increase of chromosome aberration frequency. Frequency of dicentrics plus centric rings (Dic+Rc) depend on the space flight duration and accumulated dose value. After the change of space stations (from Mir Orbital Station to ISS) the radiation load of cosmonauts based on data of cytogenetic examination decreased. Extravehicular activity also adds to chromosome aberration frequency in cosmonauts’ blood lymphocytes. Average doses after the first flight, estimated by the frequency of Dic+Rc, were 227 and 113 mGy Eq for long-term flights (LTF) and 107 and 53 mGy Eq for short-term flights (STF).

Conclusion

Cytogenetic examination of cosmonauts can be applied to assess equivalent doses.     

Thermosphere–ionosphere response to a severe magnetic storm: A case study

This paper reports the response of the ionosphere–thermosphere system to an intense geomagnetic storm. For that, data taken by instruments on board Dynamic Explorer 2 at heights of the F2-layer (molecular nitrogen N₂ and atomic oxygen O compositions, neutral temperature Tg and electron density Ne) were used. The ionospheric response is characterized by a negative storm effect expanding from mid–high to low latitude. It is observed during this severe geomagnetic storm that negative effects were caused mainly by an increase in molecular nitrogen composition N₂ and almost no changes in atomic oxygen composition O.     

卫星在轨太阳辐射热流的简化计算方法

针对卫星在轨太阳辐射热流计算过程中计算参数多,计算过程复杂的问题,提出了一种简化的计算方法。该方法在分析卫星、地球和太阳三者之间空间几何关系的基础上,建立了新的计算坐标系,在计算坐标系中对卫星、地球和太阳的位置进行了重新规定,并在此坐标系中推导了卫星太阳辐射热流的计算公式。运用此方法对卫星太阳辐射热流进行分析求解时,轨道参数之间的空间角度关系更为简单,仅需对7个主要参数进行计算,与传统方法相比较计算量减少了约2/3。     

航空燃气涡轮发动机氢燃料研究历史和低污染燃烧技术发展

氢燃料的应用对航空燃气涡轮发动机技术的发展具有重要的意义.根据国外对氢燃料在航空燃气涡轮发动机领域的应用研究,对相关研究历程进行了回顾,并对氢燃料低污染燃烧技术进行了分析.结果表明氢燃料在航空燃气涡轮发动机领域研究的重点已从早期的以军用为主转为以民用为主;氢燃料低污染燃烧技术的关键在于控制主燃区的贫油燃烧;而微混非预混扩散燃烧技术具有很大的应用潜力.      

Infrared radiation simulation of exhaust system by coupling FVM with narrow band k-distribution

A three-dimensional infrared radiation code for exhaust system was developed by the finite volume method coupled with narrow band k-distribution in non-gray absorbing-emitting media. The final infrared signature had considered the atmosphere effect, and the simulation values were favorably consistent with testing ones. The results indicate that the relative errors considering the effect of atmosphere compared with that of the contrary condition reduce by 31%, it shows that when simulating the infrared radiation of the target which is received by the infrared detectors, even the calculation band is in atmospheric windows 3~5 μm, the effect of atmospheric transmission on infrared signature of the target should not be neglected.      

基于充气结构的非常规飞艇设计

研究充气结构在飞艇设计、制造和操控方面的用途,提出一种由受压变硬的空心管组成的充气结构,其安装在飞艇囊体上,使得飞艇结构变得更坚固。这种设计创新可以降低结构质量,也可提高非常规飞艇的动力和机械性能。同时,由于这些充气结构的简易性,制造和操作过程中面临的难题将会大大减少。     

火箭发动机地面水平试车尾流温度场仿真分析

针对氢氧火箭发动机地面水平试车时尾流燃气对地面热防护的影响,分别采用二维轴对称模型和三维模型对发动机尾流流场进行了数值模拟。计算中,采用氢氧单步燃烧反应模型考虑尾流燃气与空气的燃烧,湍流模型选用了标准k-ε模型。仿真结果表明：三维模型中,燃气逐渐向地面流动,地面燃气温度高于二维轴对称模型中的燃气温度;发动机工况变化时,三维模型和二维轴对称模型中的地面燃气温度变化趋势相反,采用三维模型计算具有更好的可信度。     

火药起动系统对发动机起动性能的影响分析

针对采用火药起动器起动的泵压开式循环液体火箭发动机,对其起动系统进行了分析和研究。建立了液体火箭发动机火药起动器计算模型和起动系统燃气管路流场计算模型。将所建立的起动系统模型应用于发动机系统仿真,对发动机火药起动过程进行仿真,分析了起动系统中火药起动器参数和燃气管路参数对发动机起动性能的影响,确定了主要影响参数和影响规律。火药起动器火药药柱内径、火药药柱长度以及燃气管路火药起动器喷管喉部直径为强影响因素;燃气管路涡轮喷嘴喉部直径和管路出口直径在确保发动机火药起动主要工况段燃气管路流场流态为额定工况流态的前提下,为弱影响因素。试验数据验证表明,发动机起动系统的仿真结果正确、可信。     

基于ProE的航天器三维屏蔽与辐射剂量评估方法研究

为准确评估结构异常复杂的航天器内部遭遇的辐射剂量,本文将直线近似原理和ProE工程软件相结合,自主开发了一种新型的航天器三维屏蔽与辐射剂量评估方法。利用本方法对立方体、球、平板等简单几何体内部的屏蔽厚度和辐射剂量进行了分析计算,计算结果表明基于ProE的三维屏蔽与辐射剂量计算方法是可靠的。结构复杂程度相当于中等规模航天器的模型计算结果表明,本方法能够较高效的分析评估复杂航天器内部遭遇的屏蔽厚度和辐射剂量。