星敏感器空间辐射效应研究

星敏感器作为一类高灵敏度光电集成部件,易受空间辐射的影响造成性能退化和工作 异常。分析星敏感器的辐射效应机理并制定相应的防护对策,既是当前可靠性增长的基础, 也是今后高性能星敏感器发展的必然要求,而国内尚缺少对这一问题的详细论述。阐述了空 间辐射环境和星敏感器的组成以及工作原理,综述分析了空间辐射效应机理和对星敏感器产 生的影响,并介绍了国外在相应防护对策上的经验,更进一步对影响星敏感器较为严重的瞬 态效应做了较为深入的探讨。
     

星用490 N发动机喷注器局部燃气泄漏试验

根据近期某卫星在轨故障模式,为了研究测压管嘴燃气泄漏对液体火箭发动机工作性能和温度特性的影响,以该卫星用第二代490 N发动机为试验对象,开展了测压管嘴在0.1、0.3、0.5 mm直径泄漏孔下的高空模拟热试车考核,对发动机真空推力、比冲和关键部位温度进行了测量。试验结果表明：试验条件下测压管嘴燃气泄漏对发动机工作稳定性没有影响;0.1 mm泄漏孔对发动机工作性能和各测点温度没有影响。随着泄漏孔直径增大至0.3 mm和0.5 mm,测压管嘴堵头烧蚀程度加深,发动机真空推力和比冲均值下降幅度分别仅为0.4%和1.4%,表明试验条件下测压管嘴泄漏对发动机工作性能的影响较小。燃烧室喉部温度试验结果不受泄漏的影响,喷注器测压管嘴及其附近、模拟卫星支架测点温度上升明显,氧化剂控制阀温度上升较小,远离测压管嘴的测点温度几乎不受高温燃气泄漏的影响。     

渐扩变截面通道对会切磁场推力器性能的影响

为了改善会切磁场推力器在低功率下对中低等流量变化的不适应性,采用了一种渐扩的变截面通道设计来提升推力器中低等流量下的性能,对比了两种等截面通道与一种渐扩通道在中低等流量下的性能。虽然渐扩通道与小直径的等截面通道相比,会略微降低通道内的原子密度,但渐扩通道由于减小了出口离子能量损失,同时增大磁镜比促进电离,从而能够提升推力器在同等推力水平下的效率。而大直径等截面通道和小直径等截面通道分别由于原子密度过低及壁面损失较大,性能均不如渐扩通道。因此,渐扩型变截面通道在中低等流量变化范围内具有更优的性能,这对推力器性能的进一步优化具有重要意义。     

R0110重型燃气轮机分级燃烧室NOx排放试验研究

R0110重型燃气轮机是中国第1台具有自主知识产权的重型燃气轮机,其燃烧室按照干式低排放（Dry Low NOx,DLN）原理设计,采用燃料径向分级的燃烧技术.燃烧室设计包括2种分级燃烧模式,第Ⅰ模式为常规燃烧模式,第Ⅱ模式主要是针对NOx排放问题而设计的.2种燃烧模式试验研究结果表明：第Ⅱ模式较第Ⅰ模式在污染物排放方面有显著降低,但2种模式均未满足设计要求.通过对试验结果做简要的阐述及分析,提出可采取调整各燃烧区的燃料分配比例、改进燃烧室结构等措施和建议,以进一步改善燃烧室NOx排放特性.     

基于光谱分析技术的磨损故障监测

采用转盘电极式原子发射光谱分析技术,监测某型燃气轮机传动润滑系统磨损状况的发展变化趋势,及时诊断早期磨损故障.为确保光谱分析技术监测的准确性,着重研究了环境温度波动、标准曲线细化、样品黏度以及磨损颗粒尺寸等主要因素对测量结果的影响,并简要阐述了光谱分析技术的基本原理.经大量研究试验表明:光谱分析技术能够提前预报燃气轮机传动润滑系统可能发生的磨损故障,是油液状态监控的1种有效手段.     

一种基于自适应滤波器的潜艇辐射噪声仿真方法

文章提出了一种基于自适应滤波器的潜艇辐射噪声仿真方法。在对潜艇辐射噪声连续谱、线谱和调制谱的数学模型进行研究的基础上,利用Ecs型功率谱模型,基于自适应滤波器,通过傅里叶反变换对潜艇辐射噪声连续谱进行了仿真,分别叠加了线谱信号和调制谱信号之后,得到潜艇辐射噪声的仿真结果。通过对仿真结果的分析和利用仿真结果与实装进行对接测试,表明仿真的辐射噪声逼真度较高。     

Heliotropic dust rings for Earth climate engineering

This paper examines the concept of a Sun-pointing elliptical Earth ring comprised of dust grains to offset global warming. A new family of non-Keplerian periodic orbits, under the effects of solar radiation pressure and the Earth’s J₂ oblateness perturbation, is used to increase the lifetime of the passive cloud of particles and, thus, increase the efficiency of this geoengineering strategy. An analytical model is used to predict the orbit evolution of the dust ring due to solar-radiation pressure and the J₂ effect. The attenuation of the solar radiation can then be calculated from the ring model. In comparison to circular orbits, eccentric orbits yield a more stable environment for small grain sizes and therefore achieve higher efficiencies when the orbit decay of the material is considered. Moreover, the novel orbital dynamics experienced by high area-to-mass ratio objects, influenced by solar radiation pressure and the J₂ effect, ensure the ring will maintain a permanent heliotropic shape, with dust spending the largest portion of time on the Sun facing side of the orbit. It is envisaged that small dust grains can be released from a circular generator orbit with an initial impulse to enter an eccentric orbit with Sun-facing apogee. Finally, a lowest estimate of 1 × 10¹² kg of material is computed as the total mass required to offset the effects of global warming.     

Preparation of the Biochip experiment on the EXPOSE-R2 mission outside the International Space Station

Biochips might be suited for planetary exploration. Indeed, they present great potential for the search for biomarkers – molecules that are the sign of past or present life in space – thanks to their size (miniaturized devices) and sensitivity. Their detection principle is based on the recognition of a target molecule by affinity receptors fixed on a solid surface. Consequently, one of the main concerns when developing such a system is the behavior of the biological receptors in a space environment. In this paper, we describe the preparation of an experiment planned to be part of the EXPOSE-R2 mission, which will be conducted on the EXPOSE-R facility, outside the International Space Station (ISS), in order to study the resistance of biochip models to space constraints (especially cosmic radiation and thermal cycling). This experiment overcomes the limits of ground tests which do not reproduce exactly the space parameters. Indeed, contrary to ground experiments where constraints are applied individually and in a limited time, the biochip models on the ISS will be exposed to cumulated constraints during several months. Finally, this ISS experiment is a necessary step towards planetary exploration as it will help assessing whether a biochip can be used for future exploration missions.     

双组元统一推进系统加注混合比改进算法及应用

卫星双组元统一推进系统加注混合比,是确定卫星氧化剂和燃烧剂加注量的重要参数。正确地确定加注混合比可以减少卫星的呆重,增加推进剂余量和卫星寿命。文章在原有混合比计算的基础上,分析了在轨不同阶段的不同压力、温度条件下10N推力器和490N变轨发动机的流量情况和入口压力、氧化剂和燃烧剂压力变化情况,利用推力器和变轨发动机地面...     

燃气轮机涡轮出口温度受感部故障分析与改进设计

详细介绍了某型燃气轮机低压涡轮出口温度受感部设计、技术改进和随机验证等情况。通过对受感部的内部结构、故障、使用环境等进行分析,给出了影响受感部寿命的重要因素,并提出燃气轮机长寿命受感部的改进设计方法。结果表明：改进设计的低压涡轮出口受感部的使用寿命由原几十小时延长至上万小时。