Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow Around Forward Flight Helicopter with Coaxial Rotors

Three-dimensional unsteady Euler equations are numerically solved to simulate the unsteady flows around forward flight helicopter with coaxial rotors based on unstructured dynamic overset grids. The performances of the two coaxial rotors both become worse because of the aerodynamic interaction between them, and the influence of the top rotor on the bottom rotor is greater than that of the bottom rotor on the top rotor. The downwash velocity at the bottom rotor plane is much larger than that at the top rotor plane, and the downwash velocity at the top rotor plane is a little larger than that at an individual rotor plane. The downwash velocity and thrust coefficient both become larger when the collective angle of blades is added. When the spacing between the two coaxial rotors increases, the thrust coefficient of the top rotor increases, but the total thrust coefficient reduces a little, because the decrease of the bottom rotor thrust coefficient is larger than the increase of the top rotor thrust coefficient.     

湍流燃烧反应机理的简化

采用速率敏感度分析法分别对燃料为CO/H2和CH3OH的钝体绕流湍流扩散火焰的燃烧机理进行了简化.判断出了冗余组分,并通过对敏感度矩阵F的主成分分析,找出了次要反应,使原始的复杂湍流燃烧机理得到了大幅度的简化.简化机理与详细机理的计算结果吻合得很好.结果表明,速率敏感度分析的方法能大大简化复杂的湍流反应机理,且计算效率高,精度满足要求.     

不同叶片尾缘结构对流换热特性实验

为了研究不同叶片尾缘结构对对流换热系数的影响规律,设计了三种尾缘结构,并搭建了实验台,采用红外热像仪对叶片尾缘的壁温进行测量。研究结果表明,（1）三种尾缘结构的对流换热系数沿壁面的分布有很大差异,针对实验件I,对流换热系数存在一最大值,且最大值出现的位置随着吹风比的增加而逐渐远离气膜出口;（2）实验件II和III的对流换热系数沿壁面均呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但降低的规律二者又不相同;（3）在相同壁面位置,实验件III的对流换热系数最高,而实验件I的对流换热系数最低,因此可以认为,实验件III所示的尾缘结构更有利于对叶片尾缘更好的冷却。     

Estimation and analysis of GPS receiver differential code biases using KGN in Korean Peninsula

The total electron content (TEC) estimation by the Global Positioning System (GPS) can be seriously affected by the differential code biases (DCB), referred to as inter-frequency biases (IFB), of the satellite and receiver so that an accuracy of GPS–TEC value is dependent on the error of DCBs estimation. In this paper, we proposed the singular value decomposition (SVD) method to estimate the DCB of GPS satellites and receivers using the Korean GPS network (KGN) in South Korea. The receiver DCBs of about 49 GPS reference stations in KGN were determined for the accurate estimation of the regional ionospheric TEC. They obtained from the daily solution have large biases ranging from +5 to +27 ns for geomagnetic quiet days. The receiver DCB of SUWN reference station was compared with the estimates of IGS and JPL global ionosphere map (GIM). The results have shown comparatively good agreement at the level within 0.2 ns. After correction of receiver DCBs and knowing the satellite DCBs, the comparison between the behavior of the estimated TEC and that of GIMs was performed for consecutive three days. We showed that there is a good agreement between KASI model and GIMs.     

新时效制度处理的2024铝合金塑性性能分析

对由导电率和硬度实验初步确定的２０２４铝合金新时效制度进行了拉伸试验研究，并对拉伸塑性性能试验数据进行了数理统计分析。通过实验研究和分析，证明２０２４铝合金采用新的时效制度，在塑性性能方面满足适航要求。     

On prediction of re-entry time of an upper stage from GTO

The evolution of objects in geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) is determined by a complex interplay of atmospheric drag and luni-solar gravity. These orbits are highly eccentric (eccentricity >0.7) and have large variations in velocity and perturbations during a revolution. The periodic changes in the perigee altitudes of these orbits are mainly due to the gravitational perturbations of the Sun and the Moon. The re-entry time of the objects in such orbits is sensitive to the initial conditions. The aim of this paper is to study the re-entry time of the cryogenic stage of the Indian geo-synchronous launch vehicle, GSLV-F04/CS, which has been decaying since 2 September 2007 from initial orbit with eccentricity equal to 0.706. Two parameters, initial eccentricity and ballistic coefficient, are chosen for optimal estimation. It is known that the errors are more in eccentricity for the observations based on two line elements (TLEs). These two parameters are computed with response surface method using a genetic algorithm for the selected eight different zones, based on rough linear variation of the mean apogee altitude during 200 days orbit evolution. The study shows that the GSLV-F04/CS will re-enter between 5 December 2010 and 7 January 2011. The methodology is also applied to study the re-entry of six decayed objects (cryogenic stages of GSLV and Molniya satellites). Good agreement is noticed between the actual and the predicted re-entry times. The absolute percentage error in re-entry prediction time for all the six objects is found to be less than 7%. The present methodology is being adopted at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to predict the re-entry time of GSLV-F04/CS.     

Drag reduction research in supersonic flow with opposing jet

A CFD study on drag reduction in supersonic flow with opposing jet has been conducted. Flowfield parameters, reattachment point position and surface pressure distributions are obtained and validated with experiments. From the analysis on the physical mechanism of drag reduction, it shows the phenomenon that, when the opposing jet blows, the high pressure region is located between the bow shock wave and the Mach disk, which makes the nose region much lower pressure. As the pressure ratio increases, the high pressure region is gradually pushed away from the surface. Larger the total pressure ratio is, the lower of the drag coefficient is. To study the effect of the intensity of opposing jet more reasonably, a new parameter R_PA has been introduced by combining the flux and the total pressure ratio. The study shows that the same shock wave position and drag coefficient can be obtained with the same R_PA with different fluxes and the total pressures, which means the new parameter could stand for the intensity of opposing jet and could be used to analyze the influence of opposing jet on flow field and aerodynamic force.     

中国环境刑法要论--兼论环境权的刑法保护

环境问题的日益严重，迫使许多国家强化对严重危害生态环境的行为推行“犯罪化”和“刑罚化”，中国也不例外。文章首先介绍了我国环境刑法的立法概况和价值取向，彰显加强环境权刑法保护的重要性，旨在提出完善我国环境刑法的立法建议。     

汽车制动系统关键技术研究

本文对盘式汽车制动时的受力进行了分析，建立了汽车制动的受力模型、对汽车的制动力分配情况进行了分析，给出了汽车的制动器制动效能因数和制动力距的计算方法；然后对汽车制动系统的评价指标进行了总结，最后利用软件编写程序得到汽车的同步附着系数，这些为汽车制动的研究奠定了基础。     

采用压降检漏法对大型密封容器检漏时的"升压"现象分析

文章首先介绍了压降检漏法的原理,并针对该方法在检测大型密封容器过程中出现的"升压"问题,通过压降检漏法与非真空收集器检漏法的对比试验及理论分析,得出产生该现象的原因是由于被检系统的真实漏率小于压降检漏法的灵敏度而引起的.在检测周期允许的前提下,可通过延长保压时间满足检测要求.