载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题研究进展

通过归纳一般物体入水冲击问题解析法和数值法的种类和发展,对载人飞船返回舱着水冲击问题进行了应用研究;重点对国内外工程上进行的返回舱着水实验进行了整理,并根据实验舱体的复杂程度将其分为模型实验和样机实验两类,指出分别使用刚性缩比模型、弹性缩比模型和样机进行着水实验时,成本、实验周期及其结果数据丰富程度递增的特点,指出了需要注意的弹性近似准确性和样机在不同实验工况下的适应性改造问题：同时对近年来研究较多的返回舱着水冲击问题的仿真分析方法进行了总结对比,讨论了其适用于任意舱体外形、任意姿态着水问题分析以及能够获得全过程详细动力学特性的优势。     

Plume aerodynamic effects of cushion engine in lunar landing

 During the second period of China "Tanyue" Project, the explorer will softland on the moon. The cushion engines are used to decelerate the explorer and reduce the impact on the lunar ground. It is necessary to study its plume effects on the explorer component. The self-developed PWS (Plume WorkStation) software based on direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the plume effects of two 150 N engines. Due to the complex structure of the explorer, PWS uses a decoupling method to treat the boundary mesh, which mainly interacts with simulation particles, and has no relation with the computational grids. After the analytical expressions of plane surfaces and curved surfaces of each boundary block are given, the particle position within or without the boundary blocks can be easily determined. Finally the 3D plume field of two 150 N engines is simulated. The pressure, temperature and velocity distributions of plume field are clearly presented by three characteristic slices. The aerodynamic effects on the explorer bottom, the landfall legs and antenna are separately shown. The compression influence on the plume flow of four landfall legs can be observed.     

Design and analysis of spiral bevel gears with seventh-order function of transmission error

This paper proposes a new approach to mial function of transmission error （TE） for spiral design and implement a seventh-order polyno- bevel gears with an aim to reduce the running vibration and noise of gear drive and improve the loaded distribution of the tooth. Based on the constraint conditions of predesigned seventh-order polynomial function curve and the theory of linear algebra, the polynomial coefficients of the seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error can be obtained. By applying a method named reverse tooth contact analysis, the modified roll coefficients as well as parts of machine-tool settings for the face-milling of spiral bevel gears can be individually determined. Therefore, a predesigned seventh-order polynomial function of transmission error for spiral bevel gears can be obtained by the modified roll with high-order coef- ficients, and comparisons of the seventh-order polynomial and parabolic functions of transmission error are also performed. The achievement of spiral bevel gears with the seventh-order function of transmission error can be accomplished on a universal Cartesian-type hypoid gear generator or a numerically controlled cradle-style hypoid gear generator due to its simple generating motion of axes of the cradle and the work piece. The results of a numerical example show that the bending stresses of the tooth of seventh-order are less than those of a parabolic one, while the contact stresses remain almost eouivalent.     

飞机机身结构的腐蚀及防护方法

飞机机身结构腐蚀不可避免,本文通过分析腐蚀产生的原因,提出了如何预防和延缓腐蚀发生的措施及补救方法。     

旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究

近些年来垂直起降(VTOL)飞行器发展迅速,并获得了一些突破性进展,但仍有许多尚未解决的问题。结合旋翼机和固定翼飞机的优点,提出一种旋翼固定翼复合式飞行器布局方案,兼具优异的垂直起降性能及高速飞行能力,具有转换过渡稳定平滑、可控性强的特点。在该旋翼固定翼复合式布局中,特型旋翼可旋转以提供垂直升力,也可停转、锁定与固定式机翼保持平行,最终转换为固定翼面使得飞机转换为固定翼布局,并在机翼上布置矢量推力装置,实现高速飞行。概念设计研究围绕设计方法、特型旋翼、矢量推力系统等关键技术展开,并开展了平飞模式飞行特性、垂直起降模式飞行特性、航程、航时以及飞行操纵等性能的分析。通过试制小型原理验证机,并对各飞行状态及转换过渡飞行进行飞行试验,验证了该布局的可行性。结合实际算例展开分析计算,验证了该方案设计方法的准确性和实用性。     

具有甲板运动预估的三旋翼无人机着舰研究

在无人机着舰的最后阶段,舰船的甲板运动严重威胁着无人机的着舰安全,其中沉浮和横摇运动威胁最大.首先介绍了三旋翼无人机的建模方法、控制律以及模拟的甲板运动模型;在此基础上,针对舰船甲板运动对无人机安全着舰的影响,提出了抗舰船横摇/沉浮的着舰控制方案;最后,对控制方案下的着舰性能进行了仿真分析.仿真结果表明,该控制方案可以满足着舰指标要求.     

高档机床主轴自动换挡PLC控制及实现

通过修改数控系统机床参数与PLC编程,实现了配套国产高档数控系统的大型五坐标双龙门铣床的自动换挡.执行换挡过程中控制主轴电机来回摆动,换挡冲击小,易于液压拔叉推动齿轮实现稳定配合,可靠性高,提高了国产数控系统在航空领域的应用水平.     

起落架有限元梁模型建立及其静力学分析

为了获得起落架载荷传递以及评估几何非线性和静不定对起落架载荷传递的影响,同时探索起落架结构有限元梁模型的建模方法,应用HyperMesh和Ansys联合仿真的方法搭建某型具有局部静不定特征的前起落架、主起落架有限元梁模型;使用此模型进行三种载荷工况的静力学计算,获得考虑静不定和几何非线性的起落架接头和截面载荷,以及在单位载荷作用下起落架的航向、侧向和扭转刚度,并与传统方法计算结果进行对比.结果表明:有限元方法和传统方法获得的接头载荷有差异,部分差异超过了±10％,最大差异达到30％;计算前起落架外筒横梁、斜梁截面内力的传统方法及其简化具有合理性,对起落架支柱设计具有指导意义.     

面齿轮的加工研究

本文以某型传动底座为例,介绍了在Y5140CNC插齿机上利用自行设计的转接底座,夹具和插齿刀,成功解决了面齿轮的加工难题.填补了公司生产技术的空白,为类似产品的加工提供了经验,奠定了基础.     

双树复小波域MCA降噪在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

齿轮箱早期故障信号中往往包含强烈的干扰噪声,而基于简单阈值规则的小波系数降噪方法往往不能取得良好的效果.针对该问题,提出了基于形态分量分析(MCA)的双树复小波降噪方法.首先,对强背景噪声故障信号进行双树复小波变换,得到不同层的小波变换系数;然后,选取小波系数周期性较为明显层的小波系数进行MCA降噪;最后,将降噪后的系数进行单支重构后便可获得故障特征信号,对降噪信号进行包络分析便可以确定信号的故障特征频率.利用该方法对仿真分析和某轧机齿轮箱打齿故障早期信号进行了处理,结果表明:该方法能够在有效去除信号中的强背景噪声,比单独MCA降噪及软阈值降噪具有更好的效果,得到了更清晰的故障特征频率,从而为齿轮早期故障诊断提供了一种新方法.