固体燃料超燃冲压发动机研究概况

对固体燃料超燃冲压发动机的应用背景、潜在优势,以及国内外研究现状和进展做了详细阐述。从固体燃料超燃冲压发动机工作原理、固体燃料类型、数值模拟以及实验研究等方面出发,论述了固体燃料超燃发动机研究的进展和难点,并对固体燃料超燃冲压发动机未来研究趋势进行了展望。研究认为:固体燃料在超声速流动下的热量分布与表面火焰传播等方面还需要深入研究,需建立不同固体燃料的受热行为模型;应用大涡模拟方法分析微尺度下流场结构并耦合固体燃料传热传质过程的可行性需进一步确认;考虑飞行参数,进气道与隔离段性能的发动机整体数值模拟工作需要进一步加强。     

来流总温对双模态燃烧室模态转换边界的影响

针对煤油燃料双模态超声速燃烧室,开展了来流总温对燃烧室模态转换边界影响的试验研究。试验采用甲烷燃烧加热直连式试验系统,隔离段进口马赫数保持2.0不变,总压为1.05 MPa,来流总温分别为885、1 085、1 285 K。试验中采集了燃烧室沿程壁面压力,并采用一维分析方法得到了燃烧室的工作模态。试验结果表明:来流总温不同时,燃烧室壁面峰值压力位置相同,同时压力峰值与隔离段壁面压力分布和激波串起始位置存在一一对应关系;来流总温上升导致燃烧室超燃-亚燃模态转换时的当量油气比上升;在燃烧室当量油气比不变的条件下,来流总温上升能够导致燃烧室壁面压力下降,隔离段内激波串长度缩短。      

掺混长直链烷烃对航空煤油雾化性能影响

将藻基生物航空煤油加工过程的中间产物C13~C18分别与航空煤油按10%比例进行掺混,对掺混燃油的喷雾雾化性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:随掺混直链烷烃碳数增加,对燃油喷雾雾化影响逐渐增大。其中按10%比例掺混直链烷烃C18:雾化锥角最大减幅为5.07%;液滴平均速度最大变化17.6%;索泰尔平均直径最大变化15%;Ohnesorge数和韦伯数随着喷射压力增加而明显变化,会对液滴二次破碎产生影响。总体来说,加入长直链烷烃会对航空煤油的雾化性能产生一定的影响。      

气体燃料气动火焰稳定器混合特性的初步研究

为了克服航空发动机加力燃烧室传统钝体火焰稳定器存在的流阻较大、燃烧效率较低和红外辐射偏大的缺点,设计了一种气体燃料气动火焰稳定器,通过喷射气体燃料射流形成气动屏障来产生回流区从而稳定火焰,并采用数值模拟计算和实验测试的方法研究了气体燃料火焰稳定器的混合特性。数值模拟计算表明气动火焰稳定器掺混速度快,可在回流区内形成余气系数比较均匀的混合物,且回流区内余气系数分布随来流和射流的参数变化基本保持恒定不变,实验结果证实了数值模拟的结果,并表明采用气动火焰稳定器的燃烧效率较高,部分工况可达98%以上,可为加力燃烧室火焰稳定器的研究和设计提供参考和依据。     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

CFM56-5B发动机高压涡轮间隙控制活门伺服燃油漏油故障的维护措施

介绍了近年来CFM56-5B发动机上高压涡轮间隙控制活门频繁发生的伺服燃油渗漏故障,以及采取的相应维护措施。     

壁面喷射当量比对支板凹腔耦合燃烧的影响

在纯净空气来流条件下,对于全高后掠支板与凹腔耦合的燃烧室,采用分级喷射供油,对比研究了壁面喷射当量比对壁面压力和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:在支板喷射当量比一定的情况下,随着壁面喷射当量比增加,壁面静压峰值升高,静压开始提升的位置向上游移动,总当量比达到1.1时发生溢流;一维分析表明,马赫数在支板附近降到1以下,在凹腔处达到0.5左右,在出口扩张段恢复至1以上,燃烧室处于亚燃模态;燃烧性能方面,保持支板喷射当量比一定,随着壁面喷射当量比的增加,总压恢复系数提高,出口总温增加,燃烧效率降低。     

基于高斯伪谱法的空天飞机上升段最优轨迹设计

针对复杂多约束条件下空天飞机上升段燃料最优轨迹优化问题,提出一种基于高斯伪谱法的上升段轨迹优化策略.依据发动机的推力特性将上升轨迹合理分段,使原最优控制问题转化为多段最优控制问题后,采用高斯伪谱法进行并行优化计算.数值仿真结果表明采用这种轨迹优化策略能够满足组合动力系统工作模态转换时对飞行状态的约束条件,可以在较短的时间内完成高精度的上升段轨迹优化任务,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

液态碳氢燃料热辐射物性参数反演方法

基于光线跟踪法建立了玻璃-液态碳氢燃料-玻璃3层平板总透射比的正问题模型,给出了反演液态碳氢燃料热辐射物性参数(光谱吸收指数 k 和光谱折射指数 n)的反问题模型,采用Monte-Carlo(M-C)法结合区间逼近法求解.通过将已知文献中庚烷的热辐射物性参数作为“真实值”,采用正问题模型计算总透射比作为“实验测量值”,然后利用反问题模型计算 n 和 k ,并分析实验偏差对反演计算的影响.研究结果表明:①模型反演 k 计算误差的标准差小于0.003%,而 n 的标准差高于21%.②实验偏差对反演计算影响较大,且偏差达到1.0%时个别反演数据明显“失真”.③ k 反演计算误 差的标准差 y 与实验偏差 γ 满足 y =2285.2 γ2- 10.484 γ +0.0037的关系式; n 反演计算误差的标准差受实验偏差影响较小,但偏差导致反演 n 误差均超过20%.      

Acceleration of energetic particles by whistler waves in active space experiment with charged particle beams injection

In this paper the investigation of wave-particle interaction during simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the satellite Intercosmos-25 (IK-25) carried out using the data of the double satellite system with subsatellite Magion-3 (APEX). Results of active space experiment devoted to the beam-plasma instability are partially presented in the paper Baranets et al. (2007). A specific feature of the experiment carried out in orbits 201, 202 was that charged particle flows were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines B₀ so the oblique beam-into-beam injection have been produced. Results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by scientific instruments mounted on the station IK-25 and Magion-3 subsatellite. Main attention is paid to study the electromagnetic and longitudinal waves excitation in different frequency ranges and the energetic electron fluxes disturbed due to wave-particle interaction with whistler waves. The whistler wave excitation on the 1st electron cyclotron harmonic via normal Doppler effect during electron beam injection in ionospheric plasma are considered.