基于发动机与飞机的藻基航空燃料全生命周期分析

讨论了基于发动机类别及其飞机的藻基航空替代燃料与常规航空燃料对全生命周期的影响。基于GREET（the greenhouse gases,regulated emissions,and energy use in transportation）模型,依据平均载荷、最大航程,将民航客机分为单通道窄体、双通道中型、双通道大型、巨型、支线和公务机等6类。起飞、爬升、进近、滑行、巡航过程的燃料消耗及排放采用国际民用航空组织、美国NASA-AAFEX实验、欧洲EASA适航条例提供的数据。计算了6类发动机-飞机的气体排放、能量消耗情况。在双通道大型客机中藻基航空替代燃料制备过程的温室气体排放仅为0.2351g/(kg·km),原因为该类客机与小型飞机相比有更好的发动机效率和运输效率。然而由于起飞降落过程排放比例较大,单通道窄体客机在航程上对温室气体排放变化更为敏感。      

催化重整条件下碳氢燃料热裂解与换热

针对碳氢燃料在再生冷却通道内的热裂解和催化重整反应过程,考虑燃料在超临界压力下的热物性,建立了超临界压力下的流动、换热和反应模型,开展了流动换热、热裂解和催化重整反应的耦合数值研究。结果表明:计算结果与实验吻合良好,能较为准确地预测壁面和燃油温度、燃料转化率和换热恶化等现象。催化重整反应能显著提高燃料的吸热能力,降低出口温度,同时还能抑制热裂解反应的发生。增大流量会降低燃料在通道内的停留时间,降低燃料的转化率和化学反应吸热量。      

超声速压气机转子叶片吸力面抽气抑制附面层分离的机理

针对压气机叶片在高负荷及非设计工况下经常出现的附面层分离状况, 采用数值方法研究了叶片吸力面不同位置、不同吸气量时附面层抽吸对压气机转子气动性能的影响.数值结果表明:抽吸位置对抽吸效果有重要的影响, 通过在分离区下游一定位置处抽吸, 能够很好的抑制附面层分离, 改善气流在大分离点处的剧烈变化, 减少流动损失, 使得级效率和压比均有显著的提高;而在分离区上游或者分离区下游的较远处开缝抽吸, 则效果不理想.吸气量对抽吸效果也有一定影响, 存在一个最佳吸气量, 吸气量过大或者过小都会对结果产生不利影响.      

某型涡扇发动机燃油调节器改进及高空适应性分析

某小型涡扇发动机开展增大推力、提高使用高度的适应性改型工作.针对以往对原发动机燃油调节器部分所作的分析较少,使得改型工作缺乏必要的理论支持问题.主要分析了发动机燃油调节器的工作原理,建立系统稳态和加减速控制数学模型,并在此基础上对其高空适应性进行分析,最后提出相应的改进分析方法和具体措施.      

出流比对扰流柱通道弦向出流量影响实验

 为了深入了解涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域的流动情况,对叶片内流通道工程计算程序进行验证,针对不同的弦向出流比(弦向出流量与总流量之比),通过实验测量了梯形通道短扰流柱排的端壁静压分布,以及各段弦向出流量沿叶片径向的分布。实验结果表明：（1）当弦向出流比较大时（c≥0.5 ）,沿径向静压变化小,扰流柱区域的流动基本为弦向流动。当出流比较小时(c<0.5)时,沿径向静压变化明显,压力先下降而后回升。扰流柱区域的流动既有弦向流动,同时又有径向流动。（2）大出流比时（c≥0.5 ）各段出流量变化幅度相对较小,而小出流比时(c<0.5)各段出流量变化幅度较大。（3）总压损失系数随着出流比、雷诺数的增加而减小。实验结果对涡轮叶片内部冷却计算具有重要的参考价值。     

一种SAR原始数据压缩新算法

 由于合成孔径雷达（SAR）原始数据的相关性很低,直接压缩原始数据是比较困难的。因此提出一种新算法,先对SAR原始数据做距离聚焦处理,使其在方位向具有较强的相关性,再沿方位向做线性预测,并对预测差值系列做块自适应量化。实验表明,在相同比特率条件下,该算法得到的数据域信噪比和图像域信噪比均比块自适应量化(BAQ)算法高,计算量远小于有关文献给出的距离聚焦后的压缩方法,具有一定实用价值。     

Dynamic Response Analysis of Bird Strike on Aircraft Windshield Based on Damage-modified Nonlinear Viscoelastic Constitutive Relation

Damage-modified nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation and failure criterion are introduced and the three-dimensional incremental forms are deduced based on the updated Lagrangian approach. A simple tensile test model and a split Hopkinson pressure bar model are built to verify the accuracy of the subroutine implemented within the non-linear finite element program LS-DYNA. A numerical model of bird strike on windshield is established to study the responses of windshield under three different bird velocities at three sites. The bird is represented by a cylinder with a hemisphere at each end and the contact-impact coupling algorithm is used in this study. It is found that the implemented subroutine can properly describe the mechanical behavior of polymethyl methacrylate under low and high strain rates and large deformation, and can be used validly.     

Interactive Multi-objective Optimization Design for the Pylon Structure of an Airplane

The pylon structure of an airplane is very complex, and its high-fidelity analysis is quite time-consuming. If posterior preference optimization algorithm is used to solve this problem, the huge time consumption will be unacceptable in engineering practice due to the large amount of evaluation needed for the algorithm. So, a new interactive optimization algorithm-interactive multi-objective particle swarm optimization （IMOPSO） is presented. IMOPSO is efficient, simple and operable. The decision-maker can expediently determine the accurate preference in IMOPSO. IMOPSO is used to perform the pylon structure optimization design of an airplane, and a satisfactory design is achieved after only 12 generations of IMOPSO evolutions. Compared with original design, the maximum displacement of the satisfactory design is reduced, and the mass of the satisfactory design is decreased for 22%.     

脉冲爆震发动机气动阀性能分析

通过数值模拟和试验对两种不同结构的脉冲爆震发动机(PDE)气动阀进行了研究.结果表明, 两种气动阀都能在PDE工作中起到单向阀功能, 双旋流气动阀由于切向旋流作用, 其雾化、掺混作用优于锥形气动阀, 而锥形气动阀阻力损失小.同时, 还数值模拟了锥形气动阀关闭后的流场结构, 得到了进气过程中及气动阀关闭后PDE内的流场分布, 结果显示, 气动阀关闭后, 大涡很快脱落形成一系列小涡, 大大增强了流场内的紊流度.      

Longitudinal distribution of thermospheric densities and ionization rates in the upper atmosphere of Mars at mid-latitude using MGS ACC data

The Accelerometer Experiment (ACC) onboard Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) measured 1600 density profiles in the upper atmosphere of Mars during aerobraking. These measurements reveal large-scale and small-scale structure in the thermosphere of Mars. Here, the measurements of mass density for 115 orbits (#P0670–P0789) from November 1 to 30, 1998, under spring equinox and medium solar activity conditions (average F_10.7 ∼ 137) during phase 2 of the aerobraking in the thermosphere of Mars at different altitudes and longitudes are presented for northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) in the dayside atmosphere using ACC onboard MGS. From these mass densities, the neutral densities of different gases are derived from their mixing ratios. Using these neutral densities, the longitudinal distribution of photoionization rates and photoelectron impact ionization rates are calculated at wavelength range 1–102.57 nm due to EUV and soft X-ray radiation under photochemical controlled region using Analytical Yield Spectrum approach (AYS). These conditions are appropriate for MGS Phase 2 aerobraking period from which the accelerometer data is used. Under the photochemical equilibrium condition, the electron density near the peak varies as the square root of the total peak ionization rate. Using this fact, an attempt is being made to estimate the mean primary and secondary peak electron density by averaging the longitudinal variations of total peak ionization rates in the northern mid-latitude (17–42°N) ionosphere of Mars, as there is no radio science measurement at this latitude region by MGS.