基于分层式强化学习的移动机器人导航控制

针对未知环境下的移动机器人导航问题,本文提出了一种基于分层式强化学习的混合式控制方法。利用栅格-拓扑相结合的环境表示及地图学习方法,通过分层式强化学习在不同控制层次的扩展设计移动机器人的反应式和慎思式导航控制,实现了全局导航和局部导航控制的协调优化。实验及测试结果证明,该控制方法能实现导航任务的全局优化,避免陷入局部极小,并对未知动态环境具有较强的适应性。     

双臂空间机器人关节运动的一种增广自适应控制方法

讨论了载体位置、姿态均不受控制情况下,具有未知参数的自由漂浮双臂空间机器人系统的自适应控制问题.由于此类机器人系统具有结合系统动量及动量矩守恒关系得到完全能控形式的系统动力学方程,以及系统惯性参数不符合惯常的线性函数关系的特点,因而地面机器人的控制方法在此难以直接推广应用.为了克服上述难点,仅将系统动量守恒关系耦合到系统动力学方程当中,而不耦合系统动量矩守恒关系,结果得到一组欠驱动形式的系统动力学方程.该系统动力学方程的优点是关于一组组合惯性参数能保持惯常的线性函数关系.以此为基础,并借助增广变量法,针对双臂空间机器人末端爪手所持载荷参数未知的情况,设计了关节空间轨迹跟踪的自适应控制方案.该控制方案的显著优点为,不需要测量、反馈双臂空间机器人漂浮基的位置、移动速度和移动加速度.系统的数值仿真,证实了方法的有效性.      

碳化硅反射镜柔带磨削方案设计与验证

碳化硅材料比刚度高、导热性好、热稳定性好,是一种优良的反射镜材料,在空间光学遥感器中有着广泛的应用。同时,它具有硬度高、脆性大的特点,给反射镜加工带来困难,且加工周期长。比较了碳化硅材料不同加工技术的优缺点,选择了机器人柔性砂带磨削技术作为研究对象。针对某1550mm直径碳化硅反射镜坯加强筋的去除要求,设计了一套新型机器人柔带磨削系统,利用有限元方法对加工中的镜体应力进行了分析,并完成了某镜坯加强筋的去除,残余筋高度0.5～1mm。反射镜镜坯在完成镜面精磨、镀膜等处理后,利用干涉仪测试面形RMS为0.0157λ(λ=632.8nm),满足使用需求。遥感器于2020年发射,反射镜在轨运行表现良好。     

气动FA补偿变结构Bang-Bang位置伺服算法

 首先提出了一种基于两位两通高速开关阀的无杆气缸脉宽调制（PWM）控制方案,为气缸提供了中位截止机能。然后针对Bang-Bang控制算法中存在的超调和振荡现象,提出了摩擦力和加速度（FA）补偿的变结构Bang-Bang算法。该算法综合位置和速度误差的影响构造了加速度方向切换评价函数,考虑了摩擦力对控制量设定的影响,分别依据阶跃函数、线性函数和反正切函数对活塞加速度值进行动态设定,实现了运动过程中对活塞摩擦力的补偿和加速度的调整。最后,利用该算法进行了无杆气缸的带载伺服定位试验,对3种加速度设定函数的控制效果做了比较。结果证明FA补偿变结构算法在提高气缸定位精度方面有显著效果。     

天基成像跟踪关键技术研究

介绍了天基成像跟踪的工作原理,对成像跟踪关键技术进行了研究.提出利用激光成像目标反演技术进行目标识别跟踪,并分析了星上可见光红外扫描探测技术.最后提出天基平台复合轴跟踪系统可以采用两种设计方法,并介绍了特殊环境下的视轴稳定技术,为天基成像跟踪平台的设计提供参考.     

Area-oriented coordinated trajectory planning of dual-arm space robot for capturing a tumbling target

The growing amount of space debris poses a threat to operational spacecraft and the long-term sustainability of activities in outer space. According to the orbital mechanics, an uncontrolled space object will be tumbling, bringing great challenge to capture and remove it. In this paper, a dual-arm coordinated ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"(AOC) method is proposed to capture a non-cooperative tumbling target. Firstly, the motion equation of the tumbling target is established, based on which, the dynamic properties are analyzed. Then, the ‘‘Area-Oriented Capture"concept is presented to deal with the problem of large pose(position and attitude) deviation and tumbling motion. An area rather than fixed points/devices is taken as the object to be tracked and captured. As long as the manipulators' end-effectors move to a specified range of the objective areas(not fixed points on the target, but areas), the target satellite will be hugged by the two arms.At last, the proposed method and the traditional method(i.e. fixed-point oriented capture method)are compared and analyzed through simulation. The results show that the proposed method has larger pose tolerance and takes shorter time for capturing a tumbling target.     

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.     

自由浮动空间双臂机器人的鲁棒协调控制

研究自由浮动空间双臂机器人在本体位置、姿态均不加控制时,抓取物体运动情况下的动力学协调控制。根据空间双臂机器人抓取系统的闭链约束关系,推导出广义雅可比矩阵,针对抓取系统动力学模型的不确定性,提出一种鲁棒协调控制方法,来控制被抓物体的运动,使被抓物体的运动轨迹跟踪期望的运动轨迹,并保证内力跟踪误差的有界性。通过对自由浮动空间平面双臂机器人进行鲁棒协调控制仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

平面型两关节空间机器人的自适应轨迹控制

基于参数线性分离方法，得到了平面型两关节空间机器人线性参数化形式的动力学模型，这种模型非常适合于采用自适应控制方法。控制策略考虑了机器人各关节之间的耦合及机械臂与基座航天器之间的耦合，对航天器姿态的控制和机械臂的控制进行综合，在满足手端跟踪期望轨迹的同时，保证航天器姿态基本不变。控制器由一个PD反馈项和一个补偿动力学不确定性的非线性自适应反馈项构成，能够保证对期望关节轨迹的全局渐进跟踪，提高了空间机器人操作的适应性和安全性。     

天基预警雷达及其对抗技术

通过分析天基预警雷达系统国外发展现状和趋势,对天基预警雷达系统的关键技术进行了初步探讨。