国家数值风洞(NNW)工程中的黏性自适应笛卡尔网格方法研究进展

相比传统的结构和非结构网格,笛卡尔网格具有自动化和高质量兼顾的优势,是未来网格技术发展的重要方向。面向笛卡尔网格生成软件开发需求,依托国家数值风洞（NNW）工程,介绍了黏性自适应笛卡尔网格技术相关课题的研究工作进展,重点从网格生成技术、自适应方法、黏性物面边界处理方法等方面展开。网格生成技术方面,基于全线程树数据结构的思想,开展了叉树数据结构的优化;针对物面离散单元信息的快速检索,构建了稳定、平衡、高效的叉树式物面网格数据结构;对于网格单元类型的判断,发展了染色方法和包围盒方法以提高效率;针对大规模网格量,发展了高性能并行计算技术。自适应技术方面,发展了基于几何特征和流场解特征的自适应方法,建立了流场结构捕捉判据,并开展了三维复杂构型的应用;为了降低全局网格规模,发展了各向异性自适应方法,构建了各向异性特征识别的综合判据;发展了边界层法向射线加密技术,以减少边界层内的网格数目。物面边界处理方面,发展了重叠笛卡尔网格方法,构建了重叠网格尺度匹配技术和数据交互方法;开展了壁面函数方法在笛卡尔网格框架下的适应性应用,以放宽壁面网格尺度限制、降低边界层网格规模,并通过典型算例验证了方法的可靠性。     

BLI效应下整流罩设计对翼型气动特性的影响

边界层吸入(BLI)效应对飞行器气动特性的影响比较显著,而整流罩的设计会进一步影响BLI效应下的翼型气动特性。为了揭示BLI效应下整流罩的主要设计参数对翼型气动特性的影响及其原因,本文采用计算流体力学(CFD)和Morris敏感度分析相结合的方法对该问题进行了详细研究,得到了整流罩主要设计参数对翼型气动特性的敏感度排序和耦合影响程度排序;对敏感度较高和耦合影响较大的参数进行了流动分析。结果表明:在巡航和起飞2种状态下,对气动系数影响相对较大的设计参数是整流罩最大厚度和进气边界弦向位置,整流罩最大厚度对翼型气动特性影响的主要原因是整流罩背风面会发生局部分离,且其还会改变阻力-流量系数曲线的趋势;整流罩最大厚度和进气边界弦向位置对翼型气动特性的耦合影响作用较强。      

Inverse free steering law for small satellite attitude control and power tracking with VSCMGs

Recent developments in integrated power and attitude control systems (IPACSs) for small satellite, has opened a new dimension to more complex and demanding space missions. This paper presents a new inverse free steering approach for integrated power and attitude control systems using variable-speed single gimbal control moment gyroscope. The proposed inverse free steering law computes the VSCMG steering commands (gimbal rates and wheel accelerations) such that error signal (difference in command and output) in feedback loop is driven to zero. H_∞ norm optimization approach is employed to synthesize the static matrix elements of steering law for a static state of VSCMG. Later these matrix elements are suitably made dynamic in order for the adaptation. In order to improve the performance of proposed steering law while passing through a singular state of CMG cluster (no torque output), the matrix element of steering law is suitably modified. Therefore, this steering law is capable of escaping internal singularities and using the full momentum capacity of CMG cluster. Finally, two numerical examples for a satellite in a low earth orbit are simulated to test the proposed steering law.     

Image based control of the “PINOCCHIO” experimental free flying platform

A free floating platform is realized with a pneumatic suspension system which enables a two-dimensional test of complex space operations, such as rendezvous and docking. The platform is equipped with a IMU and actuated via cold gas thrusters. In addition, an on-board camera is used to acquire a target and its image is processed for evaluating the control actions needed to reach it. A technique for determining the relative position and velocity with respect to target using the same visual device is proposed and realized. The novel algorithms and relevant experimental results are presented. The tested accuracy of the relative navigation system is not very high, but the guidance algorithm, which is image based and has just a weak dependence on the position information, is robust enough to perform a successful maneuver. The error between the final acquired target image and the desired final target image is of the order of one pixel, notwithstanding all the testbed disturbances.     

高精度地磁场模拟系统的设计与研究

根据地磁导航半实物仿真中磁场环境仿真需求,建立了高精度地磁场模拟系统,通过试验说明了系统中建立零磁空间的必要性并验证了磁屏蔽筒的屏蔽效果,同时对系统的准确性和实时性进行了试验研究。仿真结果表明,在考虑响应时间的前提下,系统能够准确实时地模拟飞行航迹上的地磁总场值,能够为地磁匹配导航半实物仿真提供真实可信的磁场仿真环境。     

不同约束条件下跨声速涡轮叶栅伴随气动优化设计

发展了一种简化的基于无反射边界理论的伴随方程进出口边界条件确定方法,研究了考虑不同约束的叶片气动外形优化设计。研究结果表明:采用流动强耦合的简化伴随方程进出口边界条件确定方法,能够确定精度较高的伴随灵敏度,在不同类型的伴随气动优化设计中均具有较好适用性。无约束的出口质量熵优化后,出口质量熵降低0.253%,流道面积和出口气流角变化较大。分别考虑出口气流角气动约束、流道面积几何约束和同时考虑上述两种约束的影响,优化后出口质量熵分别降低0.176%、0.227%和0.164%,优化后叶片气动性能显著提升,且满足约束条件。改变叶型曲率能有效减弱激波强度,吸力面前段曲率降低时,流动减速、出口气流角增大,吸力面前段曲率变化较小时,出口气流角约束较好。      

共轴双旋翼悬停地面效应气动特性分析

基于时间步进算法建立了适用于共轴双旋翼气动特性分析的旋翼自由尾迹模型,并采用面元法对水平和倾斜地面效应影响下共轴双旋翼系统气动特性进行了研究。在建模的过程中,采用Weissinger-L一阶升力面模型模拟了桨叶的三维效应,并充分考虑了旋翼/旋翼和旋翼/地面之间的气动干扰。通过与尾迹几何和诱导速度试验数据的对比,验证了计算模型的可行性。在此基础上,对共轴双旋翼在地面效应影响下的旋翼尾迹几何形状、流场诱导速度矢量分布和上下两旋翼桨叶的拉力系数分布进行了计算及分析。结果表明,悬停状态下,共轴双旋翼上下旋翼间存在强烈的气动干扰,且地面的影响使旋翼尾迹涡线径向扩展且向上卷起,对共轴双旋翼下旋翼拉力产生明显的影响。     

基于互易关系的混响载荷建模方法研究

针对混合声振建模问题提出了一种考虑声腔几何形状的混响载荷建模方法。该方法基于互易关系将声腔的混响声压转换为结构表面的等效混响载荷,并考虑声腔的几何边界,可提高建模的准确性。该方法可省略对复杂的外混响声腔进行细节建模,因此能够简化建模过程并提高分析效率。典型系统的算例分析表明,该建模方法是有效的,能够考虑不同声腔边界对结构声振响应的影响。     

ALGEBRAIC TURBULENCE MODEL WITH MEMORY FOR COMPUTATION OF 3-D TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS WITH VALIDATION

Additional equations were found based on experiments for an algebraic turbulence model to improve the prediction of the behavior of three dimensional turbulent boundary layers by taking account of the effects of pressure gradient and the historical variation of eddy viscosity, so the model is with memory. Numerical calculation by solving boundary layer equations was carried.out for the five pressure driven three dimensional turbulent boundary layers developed on flat plates, swept-wing, and prolate spheroid in symmetrical plane. Comparing the computational results with the experimental data, it is obvious that the prediction will be more accurate if the proposed closure equations are used, especially for the turbulent shear stresses.     

再入飞行器迎风面边界层转捩的数值预估

基于求解三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程,首先数值预估了高超声速三维流动的边界层特性;采用已有的高超声速三维边界层转捩准则,即在转捩位置Ｒｅθ／Ｍｅ＝常数,以及通过修正由ＯＮＥＲＡ提出的代数转捩模型,建立了预估三维边界层转捩的半经验数值技术并应用于三维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程的求解。利用ＨＡＬＩＳ模型及相关的实验数据,首次进行了在Ｍ∞＝６时不同雷诺数及迎角的验证试验。预估结果表明：在不考虑