结构吸波材料多层阻抗渐变设计及应用

对多层阻抗渐变的吸波结构设计思想进行了分析,介绍了多层阻抗渐变思想在吸波层板和泡沫两类结构吸波材料设计上的应用。理论计算与试验验证结果均表明,采用多层阻抗渐变设计能够使吸波层板和泡沫的吸波带宽向低频拓展,同时显著提高吸波泡沫的吸收强度。具有三个阻抗渐变吸收层的4 mm厚吸波层板在5~18 GHz频段反射率小于-10 d B;具有六个阻抗渐变吸收层的22 mm厚吸波泡沫在2~18 GHz频段反射率小于-10 d B,其中在6~18 GHz频段反射率小于-20 d B,8~12 GHz频段反射率小于-30 d B。多层阻抗渐变设计是提高结构吸波材料吸波性能的有效手段。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

航天器多功能结构传热特性的实验研究

针对航天器结构高性能、轻质化和集成化的发展要求,设计了集电路控制,热管理功能和结构承载功能于一体的多功能结构。此种结构分别采用柔性电路板控制热仿真多芯片模块,作为多功能结构的热源;碳碳材料作为热倍增器;复合材料蒙皮和金属泡沫芯子的夹层结构作为承载结构,实现了结构和功能的集成。同时,为了研究多功能结构的传热特性,进行了热真空实验,实验测量了热流密度和温度梯度。结果表明这种新型的结构可以消散飞行器多芯片模块产生的热量,碳碳热倍增提供了一种减小温度梯度的新方法,同时这种多功能结构减少了结构的体积,降低了结构的质量。     

Three-Dimensional Stress Fields in Finite Thickness Plate with Hole Under Shear Load

The theoretical solutions are obtained for the three-dimensional(3-D)stress field in an infinite isotropic elastic plate with a through-the-thickness circular hole subjected to shear load at far field by using Kane and Mindlin′s assumption based on the stress function method.Based on the present solutions,the characteristics of 3-D stress field are analyzed and the emphasis is placed on the effects of the plate thickness and Poisson′s ratio on the deviation of the present 3-D in-plane stress from the related plane stress solutions,the stress concentration and the out-of-plane constraint.The present solutions show that the stress concentration factor reaches its peak value of about 8.9% which is higher than that of the plane stress solutions.As expected,the out-of-plane stress constraint factor can reach 1on the surface of the hole when the plate is a very thick one.     

Improvement of the real time total electron content based on the International Reference Ionosphere model

One of the methods to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere model to real time conditions is to use instantaneous values of the critical frequency of the ionosphere foF2. It is shown that there can be large discrepancies between model and experimental values of the total electron content TEC after this adaptation. Improvement can be provided by the use of an empirical model of the ionospheric slab thickness τ. This conclusion is based on analysis of contributions of various correction factors connected with foF2 and τ into discrepancies between model and experimental values of TEC.     

基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统

针对实际工程项目需求，分析了消失模铸造的特点，运用ＩＤＥＦ０方法建立了消失模设计活动模型，在此基础上，遵循面向对象方法，利用ＥＸＰＲＥＳＳ信息建模语言建立了基于特征的消失模参数化设计系统的信息模型，并阐述了其系统框架及关键技术。     

Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT

The determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from nadir scanning multi-spectral radiometers, like SeaWiFS, MERIS or MODIS, requires the separation of spectral atmospheric and surface properties. Since SeaWiFS and MERIS do not provide information at 2.1 μm, like MODIS, the estimation of the surface reflectance cannot be made by the cross correlation approach described by Kaufman et al., 1997. The BAER approach (Bremen AErosol Retrieval), von Hoyningen-Huene et al., 2003, uses a linear mixing model of spectra for ‘green vegetation’ and ‘bare soil’, tuned by the NDVI, determining an apparent surface to enable this separation of aerosol and surface properties from VIS and NIR channels. Thus AOT can be derived over a wide range of land surfaces for wavelengths <0.67 μm. Using MERIS L1 data over Europe, the AOT retrieved is comparable with ground-based observations, provided by AERONET. Regional variation of AOT can be observed, showing the atmospheric variability for clear sky conditions by: large scale variation of aerosol turbidity, regional pollution, urban regions, effects of contrails and cases of aerosol-cloud interaction. Simultaneously with the spectral AOT also spectral surface reflectance is obtained, where all atmospheric influences have been considered (molecules, aerosols and absorbing gases (O₃)) for channels with wavelengths <0.67 μm. The AOT is extrapolated by Angström power law to NIR channels and the atmospheric correction for land surface properties is performed, enabling the further investigation of land use and spectral land properties.     

关于换填法垫层厚度的计算问题

本文给出了直接计算条形基础和独立基础下换土垫层最小厚度的计算方法，可供设计参考。     

坡面浅层明流流态界定方法之商榷

为了探求坡面薄层水流流态界定方法,从流体力学与泥沙运动学观点出发,对4种不同粗糙尺度床面（光滑玻璃、人工加糙粒径分别为0．075、0．245和0．380mm）、5种不同坡度下坡面薄层水流放水进行试验研究,并对薄层水流阻力规律与明渠水流阻力规律进行了比较分析。在此基础上提出了粘性底层厚度与水深之比作为新的无量纲临界判数,结果表明该判数能更好地反映坡面薄层水流流动型态。     

承压管道壁厚自动化检测系统研制

研制一套自动化超声检测系统,对1~2 mm壁厚承压管道的均匀性进行检测,获得承压管道全壁厚信息,为航天系统中的承压管道可靠性和安全性设计提供依据。超声检测系统采用六点矩阵控制方法,获取承压管道周向的全壁厚信息。文中研制的系统包括超声硬件系统;机械执行系统,实现超声换能器的夹持与运动;超声软件系统,搭建数据算法,对检测信号进行分析处理。试验结果表明该自动化超声检测系统对承压管道全壁厚信息的检测精度不低于0.02 mm。该超声检测系统对其它无损检测研究和系统开发具有很好的参考价值。