几何非线性固体壳单元新列式的研究

通过定义广义应力，提出了一个改进的刚度矩阵，以克服固体壳元的厚度自锁问题；由一个基于广义应力的新的非线性变分泛函，推导了一个用于几何非线性分析的十八节点固体壳单元，精心选择低、高阶应力插值模式，保证二者正交，且对应于低阶项的刚度阵与减缩积分单元相当，对应高阶项的刚度阵用于克服单元的零能模式且可推得显式，从而显著提高了计算效率，此外该单元还拥有优秀的收敛性能，即使在非常大的载荷步下也能取得好的收敛结果。     

Numerical Modeling of the Compression Process of Elastic Open-cell Foams

The random models of open-cell foams that can reflect the actual cell geometrical properties are constructed with the Voronoi technique. The compression process of elastic open-cell foams is simulated with the nonlinear calculation module of finite element analysis program. In order to get the general results applicable to this kind of materials, the dimensionless compressive stress is used and the stress-strain curves of foam models with different geometrical properties are obtained. Then, the influences of open-cell geometrical properties, including the shape of strut cross section, relative density and cell shape irregularity, on the compressive nonlinear mechani- cal performance are analyzed. In addition, the numerical results are compared with the predicted results of cubic staggering model. Numerical results indicate that the simulated results reflect the compressive process of foams quite well and the geometrical properties of cell have significant influences on the nonlinear mechanical behavior of foams.     

薄膜测厚验证QCM质量敏感性的方法研究

石英晶体微量天平(QCM)是测量气相薄膜沉积质量的精密仪器。QCM质量和频率的相互作用受到众多不确定因素的影响,因此需要进行验证以取得更为精确的结果。文章从石英晶片的基本理论出发,以薄膜测厚为基础,研究了气相沉积石英晶体微量天平差频变化率和沉积厚度变化率成线性关系,阐述了线性关系是验证石英晶体微量天平的关键,并对测厚验证质量敏感性的可行性进行了分析。     

小钻头设计与制造的改进

在机械制造中，小钻头容易破损。文章根据小钻头破损的原因，对小钻头的设计、制造及其使用提出一些改进意见及措施。     

基于电涡流传感器测厚及材质鉴别的研究

电涡流传感器是基于电涡流效应工作的,具有灵敏度高、频响范围宽、可实现非接触式测量及适用性强等特点.此种传感器在金属镀层、板材厚度测量及材质鉴别中应用广泛.电涡流传感器有两种类型:低频透射式和高频反射式.低频透射式适于测量较薄的金属镀层或板材的厚度.高频反射式则适于测量较厚板材的厚度.     

火炮身管壁厚差超声测量中的误差源分析

射击精度是衡量火炮质量的一个重要指标,通过将超声技术用于火炮身管测量以提高火炮身管的加工精度。并过对测量过程中的误差源进行分析,找出相应的消除办法,从而将超声测厚技术更加完善的用于火炮身管的壁厚差测量中去。     

热压罐成型变厚度层板缺陷研究

以S-2玻璃纤维／环氧648变厚度层板为研究对象，采用热压罐工艺成型，考察了不同铺层方式和阶梯宽度下缺陷的形成情况。研究结果表明，由于厚度梯度的存在，层板中容易产生纤维分布不均、富树脂、孔隙和分层缺陷，这与树脂的二维流动、纤维的滑移和结构的不对称性有关，铺层方式对各种缺陷影响显著。变厚度层板成型过程中倾角减小使得尺寸难以预测和控制，成型过程中应尽量避免树脂的流动。     

消失模铸造阻燃镁合金的组织与力学性能

对消失模铸造阻燃镁合金的组织和力学性能的试验研究表明，RE的加入在组织中出现了枝条状共晶Al11RE3相，并未形成粗大A12RE相，同时晶界上离异共晶β相的数量大大减小，且呈不连续网状或孤立块状分布。降低模样厚度和浇注温度，合金的组织明显细化，共晶Al11RE3相和β相的尺寸减小，分布更为均匀。消失模铸造阻燃镁合金的力学性能与消失模铸造AZ91镁合金的基本相当，断裂方式是以解理为主的脆性断裂。     

结构吸波材料多层阻抗渐变设计及应用

对多层阻抗渐变的吸波结构设计思想进行了分析,介绍了多层阻抗渐变思想在吸波层板和泡沫两类结构吸波材料设计上的应用。理论计算与试验验证结果均表明,采用多层阻抗渐变设计能够使吸波层板和泡沫的吸波带宽向低频拓展,同时显著提高吸波泡沫的吸收强度。具有三个阻抗渐变吸收层的4 mm厚吸波层板在5~18 GHz频段反射率小于-10 d B;具有六个阻抗渐变吸收层的22 mm厚吸波泡沫在2~18 GHz频段反射率小于-10 d B,其中在6~18 GHz频段反射率小于-20 d B,8~12 GHz频段反射率小于-30 d B。多层阻抗渐变设计是提高结构吸波材料吸波性能的有效手段。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.