Comparison of ionospheric F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 with IRI2001 at Hainan

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with quarter-hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS4 digisonde at Hainan (19.5°N, 109.1°E; Geomagnetic coordinates: 178.95°E, 8.1°N) are used to investigate the low-latitude ionospheric variations and comparisons with the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions. The data used for the present study covers the period from February 2002 to April 2007, which is characterized by a wide range of solar activity, ranging from high solar activity (2002) to low solar activity (2007). The results show that (1) Generally, IRI predictions follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2, especially in the summer of 2002. However, there are systematic deviation between experimental values and IRI predictions with either CCIR or URSI coefficients. Generally IRI model greatly underestimate the values of foF2 from about noon to sunrise of next day, especially in the afternoon, and slightly overestimate them from sunrise to about noon. It seems that there are bigger deviations between IRI Model predictions and the experimental observations for the moderate solar activity. (2) Generally the IRI-predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the experimental results, but there is a relatively good agreement in summer at low solar activity. The deviation between the IRI-predicted hmF2 using CCIR M(3000)F2 and observed hmF2 is bigger from noon to sunset and around sunrise especially at high solar activity. The occurrence time of hmF2 peak (about 1200 LT) of the IRI model predictions is earlier than that of observations (around 1500 LT). The agreement between the IRI hmF2 obtained with the measured M(3000)F2 and the observed hmF2 is very good except that IRI overestimates slightly hmF2 in the daytime in summer at high solar activity and underestimates it in the nighttime with lower values near sunrise at low solar activity.     

GRACE gravity field modeling with an investigation on correlation between nuisance parameters and gravity field coefficients

The GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) monthly gravity models have been independently produced and published by several research institutions, such as Center for Space Research (CSR), GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and Delft Institute of Earth Observation and Space Systems (DEOS). According to their processing standards, above institutions use the traditional variational approach except that the DEOS exploits the acceleration approach. The background force models employed are rather similar. The produced gravity field models generally agree with one another in the spatial pattern. However, there are some discrepancies in the gravity signal amplitude between solutions produced by different institutions. In particular, 10%–30% signal amplitude differences in some river basins can be observed. In this paper, we implemented a variant of the traditional variational approach and computed two sets of monthly gravity field solutions using the data from January 2005 to December 2006. The input data are K-band range-rates (KBRR) and kinematic orbits of GRACE satellites. The main difference in the production of our two types of models is how to deal with nuisance parameters. This type of parameters is necessary to absorb low-frequency errors in the data, which are mainly the aliasing and instrument errors. One way is to remove the nuisance parameters before estimating the geopotential coefficients, called NPARB approach in the paper. The other way is to estimate the nuisance parameters and geopotential coefficients simultaneously, called NPESS approach. These two types of solutions mainly differ in geopotential coefficients from degree 2 to 5. This can be explained by the fact that the nuisance parameters and the gravity field coefficients are highly correlated, particularly at low degrees. We compare these solutions with the official and published ones by means of spectral analysis. It is found that our solutions are, in general, consistent with others in the spatial pattern. The water storage variations of the Amazon, Chari and Ganges river basins have also been computed. The variations computed with the NPARB approach are closer to those produced by JPL and DEOS solutions, while the variations produced with the NPESS approach are in good agreement with those produced by the CSR and GFZ solutions. A simulation study is implemented with considering realistic noise and low-frequency error. The two approaches are used to recover the true model. The NPESS solution appears closer to the true one. Therefore we are inclined to estimate the nuisance parameters simultaneously with the geopential coefficients.     

复杂薄壁、薄板类零件高速加工技术初探

从加工方法,加工参数,工装夹具等方面对薄壁、薄板类零件的加工进行深入探讨,有效地解决了薄壁、薄板类零件的加工,为今后进行此类零件的加工进行了有益的技术储备。     

可用于短舱结构的机织复合材料几何参数对力学性能的影响分析

基于建立的复合材料渐进失效模型(PD model),通过引入机织复合材料纤维束波动形态特征,对PD模型进行了修正。通过与实验结果及其它模型结果的对比验证了修正后模型的有效性。同时,采用PD模型系统,全面地分析了平纹机织复合材料的几何参数包括波动角、编织角、总体纤维体积分数对其力学性能的影响,获得了机织复合材料力学性能随几何参数变化的趋势。其中指出Graphite/Epoxy机织复合材料由于其纤维与基体模量差异性较大而造成其力学性能相较于E-glass/Epoxy机织复合材料受波动角的影响较大;编织角对机织复合材料面内力学性能的影响更为显著,面内力学性能随编织角的变化以一种波动形式出现;机织复合材料的总体纤维体积比越大,纤维束的力学性能就越强,机织复合材料的力学性能也就越强,且这一增长趋势接近于指数增长。     

航天器编队飞行及其关键技术的开发

简要论述由分布式航天器系统构成的空间编队飞行的概念 ,扼要介绍 NASA为未来航天器编队飞行项目开发的几项关键技术 ,着重阐明基于 GPS的分散式编队飞行控制和相对导航技术能充当未来多星编队飞行任务的导航系统 ,从而使未来的空间科学研究发生深刻变化     

卫星编队飞行的双参考向量定姿法

以微型扫描激光距离探测器(MS-LRF)为测量工具，将卫星绝对姿态确定方法中的双参考向量法用于卫星相对姿态的确定，给出了确定方法并对测量精度进行了分析。     

实验室条件下IRMSS遥感器MTF与遥感图像参数的相关分析设计与性能评估

调制传递函数MTF(ModuleTransferFunction)在物理光学理论中 ,是光学系统成像性能的综合评价指标。遥感器MTF的性能变化会导致遥感图像的质量变化 ,遥感图像质量的变化则导致描述遥感图像的参数的变化。文章以CBERS - 1的 0 2星IRMSS遥感器为例 ,在实验室条件下模拟遥感器在轨运行的成像过程并获得图像数据 ,MTF可通过专业仪器直接测量 ,然后再进行MTF与遥感图像参数的相关分析 ,从而确定出与MTF相关性最强的图像参数。文章的相关分析采用SPSS统计分析软件完成     

低轨卫星编队飞行的地面覆盖及轨道调整

通过施加冲量的方法消除J2项摄动和大气阻力摄动对编队飞行的影响,在编队的相对构型和整体绝对位置得到控制后,研究了低轨卫星编队飞行的地面覆盖问题,最后通过算例给出了卫星编队在南北纬86°之间全球覆盖所需的时间、周期、圈数和覆盖角。计算结果表明,对于偏心率较小的低轨编队飞行,根据本文所推导公式计算出的结果是比较可靠的。     

编队飞行卫星群的轨道动力学特性与构形设计

编队飞行卫星群由一些相对距离近的小卫星组成,在严格的条件下,若干颗伴随卫星环绕一颗中心卫星作相对运动,相对轨道为特别性质的椭圆,本文研究了编队飞行卫星群的轨道动力学特性,提出了编队飞行的轨道构形设计的原则和方法。     

冲压发动机风洞引射器引射性能模拟

蒸汽引射器是冲压发动机试验台用来实现高真空度的重要设备,其工作环境复杂,性能优化较为困难。简化并建立蒸汽引射器的模型,通过Fluent软件对其工作情况进行数值模拟,分析工作状态下引射器内流场变化情况,并利用控制变量法分析引射器中水蒸气含量、工作流体压力、引射流体压力等工况参数对引射器工作能力的影响。通过与试验数据的对比,验证模拟结果的可信度。结果表明:引射流体流量增大时,引射器效率升高;引射流体中水蒸气从0变化到50%时,引射系数由0.45降至0.36。而当工作流体入口压力由1.07 MPa升至1.42 MPa时,引射系数由0.41降低至0.33;引射流体入口压力由12 kPa升至54 kPa时,引射系数由0.12升高至0.43,故在优化设计时应综合2个入口压力的影响。