Variations of total electron content over high latitude region during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle

The solar cycle variation and seasonal changes significantly affects the ionization process of earth’s ionosphere and required to be monitored in real time basis for regional level refinement of existing models. In view of this, the present study has been carried out by using the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) data observed with the help of Global Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitoring (GISTM) system installed at Indian Antarctic Research Station, “Maitri” [70°46′00″S 11°43′56″E] during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle. The daily values of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux (0.1–50?nm wavelength), 10.7?cm radio flux F_10.7 and Sunspot number (SSN) has been taken as a proxy to represent the solar cycle variation to correlate with TEC. The linear regression results revels better correlation of TEC with EUV flux rather than F_10.7 and SSN. Also, the EUV and TEC show better agreement during summer as compared to winter and equinox period. Correlation between TEC and EUV appears significantly noticeable during ten internationally defined quiet days of each month (stable background geophysical condition) as compared to the overall days (2010–2014). Further, saturation effect has been observed on TEC values during the solar maxima year 2014. The saturation effects are more prominent during the night hours of winter and equinox season due to transportation losses manifested by the equator-ward direction of meridional wind.     

Effects of cold fronts on MODIS-derived sensible and latent heat fluxes in Itumbiara reservoir (Central Brazil)

In this work we investigate the cold front passage effects on sensible and latent heat flux in a tropical hydroelectric reservoir. The study area, Itumbiara reservoir (Goiás State/Brazil) at the beginning of the austral winter, is characterized by the presence of a weak thermal stratification and the passage of several cold fronts from higher latitudes of South America. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated considering the atmospheric boundary layer stability. In situ and MODIS water surface temperature data were used to adjust the coefficients for momentum and heat exchanges between water and atmosphere and spatialize the sensible and latent heat fluxes. The results showed that during a cold front event the sensible heat flux can be up to five times greater than the flux observed before. The latent heat flux tends to decrease during the cold front but increase again after the passage. The highest values of heat loss were observed at littoral zone and some Reservoir’s embayment. The heat loss intensification can be separated in two moments: first, during the cold front passage, when the wind speed increases and the air temperature decreases; second, after the cold front passage, with air humidity decreasing. This can be considered a key process to understanding the heat loss in the Itumbiara reservoir.     

任意多面体网格上的欧拉方程数值算法

发展并验证了一种新的支持多面体网格的欧拉方程离散算法,采用Fortran 95编写了支持任意网格拓扑及三维复杂外形的通用求解器.在空间离散上,基于径向基函数理论提出了一种新的梯度计算方法,并采用动能通量分裂格式来得到准确并且稳定的二阶精度重构.该方法不依赖于网格几何形状,因此对网格质量不敏感.由于在时间方向采用了点隐松...     

Research of Compound Controller for Flight Simulator with Disturbance Observer

A compound controller is proposed to alleviate the considerable chattering in output of zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC), when the flight simulator losses command data of simulation signal. Besides, the shortcomings, caused by conventional differential methods in retrieving velocity and acceleration signals, are avoided to a certain extent. The compound controller based on disturbance observer (DOB) is composed of a feed-forward controller and a feedback controller. It estimates velocity and acceleration of unknown tracking signal, and also velocity response with an approximate method for differential. The experiments on a single-axis flight simulator show that the proposed method has strong robustness against parameter perturbations and external disturbances, owing to the introduced DOB. Compared with the scheme with ZPETC, the proposed scheme possesses more simple design and better tracking performance. Moreover, it is less sensitive to position command distortion of flight simulator.     

活性剂对不锈钢激光-TIG电弧复合焊接的影响

选用氧化物TiO<,2>、Cr<,2>O<,3>、B<,2>O<,3>、SiO<,2>和氟化物CaF<,2>为活性剂,研究了它们对激光-TIG电弧复合焊接不锈钢的影响.结果表明,Cr<,2>O<,3>和B<,2>O<,3>使焊缝更对称,而TiO<,2>、SiO<,2>和CaF<,2>则可消除焊缝的喇叭口收边,Cr<,2...     

基于UKF算法的单站无源定位

机载单站无源定位具有机动性好、作用范围广等特点,而基于相位差变化率的定位方法又具有定位速度快、精度高等优点.文章研究了Unscenteed Kalman Filter(UKF)在机载单站无源定位中的应用,给出了相位差变化率定位方法的原理,介绍了UKF算法的滤波原理及滤波过程.从仿真结果表明,UKF算法应用在机载单站无源...     

基于气隙磁场定向的无轴承异步电机非线性解耦控制

无轴承异步电机是一个强耦合的非线性复杂系统，实现了其电磁转矩和径向悬浮力之间的解耦控制是该电机稳定运行的前提。本在研究电机磁悬浮机理的基础上，提出了利用气隙磁场定向控制来实现两之间的动态解耦控制。仿真实验也证明该控制算法不仅能实现电机稳定的悬浮，而且使电机具有良好的调速性能。     

基于自抗扰控制的机翼受损飞机姿态控制器设计

飞机结构受损会导致飞机质量、重心和气动特性发生突变、对称性破坏以及较强的运动耦合,严重影响飞行安全.以机翼受损飞机为研究对象,采用质量微元法建立重心偏移飞机的动力学模型,分析其动态特性,并设计了基于自抗扰控制的姿态控制器.仿真结果表明,自抗扰控制器表现出良好的控制性能,针对突然受损情况设计的控制器具有较强的鲁棒性,能实时补偿结构受损引起的干扰力矩,快速准确地跟踪控制指令.     

基于速度观测器的模型参考自适应摩擦补偿

具有相对运动的机械伺服系统中都存在着摩擦干扰力矩。针对机械伺服系统不能提供速度信号时的摩擦补偿问题 ,本文提出了一种基于速度观测器的模型参考自适应摩擦补偿方法 ,该方法利用一降维观测器在线估计速度信号 ,并根据该估计信号构成模型参考自适应摩擦补偿器。根据摩擦补偿器构成的两种情况 ,对系统误差的收敛性进行了分析 ,并进行了仿真验证 ,仿真结果说明了该方法的有效性和可行性     

Dust Environment Modelling of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Dust is an important constituent of cometary emission; its analysis is one of the major objectives of ESA’s Rosetta mission to comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (C–G). Several instruments aboard Rosetta are dedicated to studying various aspects of dust in the cometary coma, all of which require a certain level of exposure to dust to achieve their goals. At the same time, impacts of dust particles can constitute a hazard to the spacecraft. To conciliate the demands of dust collection instruments and spacecraft safety, it is desirable to assess the dust environment in the coma even before the arrival of Rosetta. We describe the present status of modelling the dust coma of 67P/C–G and predict the speed and flux of dust in the coma, the dust fluence on a spacecraft along sample trajectories, and the radiation environment in the coma. The model will need to be refined when more details of the coma are revealed by observations. An overview of astronomical observations of 67P/C–G is given, because model parameters are derived from this data if possible. For quantities not yet measured for 67P/C–G, we use values obtained for other comets, e.g. concerning the optical and compositional properties of the dust grains. One of the most important and most controversial parameters is the dust mass distribution. We summarise the mass distribution functions derived from the in-situ measurements at comet 1P/Halley in 1986. For 67P/C–G, constraining the mass distribution is currently only possible by the analysis of astronomical images. We find that both the dust mass distribution and the time dependence of the dust production rate of 67P/C–G are those of a fairly typical comet.