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341.
342.
再入航天飞机表面热流密度辨识 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文给出了求解表面热流密度辨识这一热传导逆问题的顺序函数法。然后以某模型航天飞机迎风中心线上的某特征点为例,将航天飞机再入时的表面热流密度辨识问题简化为一维模型问题,用顺序函数法来对该特征点上的对流加热流密度进行了仿真辨识,得到了较理想的辨识结果。该方法在航天研究领域有着良好的工程应用前景。 相似文献
343.
本文对液体推进剂四氧化二氮/偏二甲肼(N2O4/UDMH)爆炸热过程特性进行了实验与理论研究。研究结果显示出了火球尺寸变化、火球持续时间、火球内部温度、火球辐射热流传递过程等热过程特性参数随推进剂重量、时间和空间位置的变化规律。理论预测结果与实验测量结果相比符合较好,表明理论预测模型的正确性。本文还讨论了火球升离地面的临界条件、高空环境对火球直径的影响和火球随风漂移等三方面的问题。 相似文献
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Many concepts of future space systems involve the use of parabolic mirrors for optical applications. The need for a highly reflective finish means that performance of such systems will be particularly vulnerable to space debris and micrometeoroids. A case study was performed to examine the micrometeoroid and debris hazard posed to an orbiting parabolic mirror. The mirror considered was nominally Earth-pointed in a circular orbit with two candidate altitudes in low Earth orbit (LEO), well within the region inhabited by man-made debris. The timeframes of interest for the two missions were 2002–2004 and 2005–2015. Microgram and larger particles were considered.To perform this study, it was necessary to determine the debris and meteoroid flux across the parabolic surface. To assess sensitivity of results to uncertainity in available data, two approaches were taken. The first approach was an analytical procedure based on use of long duration exposure facility (LDEF) data and published theoretical results. The second approach used two readily available computer models: the ESA MASTER model and NASA's ORDEM96. In addition, an in-house implementation of the Grün meteoroid model was used. While multiple results were available for the total flux and flux distributed over azimuth, only the MASTER model was available for generating the desired elevation data to obtain the flux distribution over the parabolic mirror. In an attempt to bound the uncertainty in the knowledge of the elevation distribution, the results from both the MASTER and ORDEM96 models were processed together to form a separate, hybrid prediction. In addition, results were used in the preliminary design of a protective skirt.This case study elucidated the practical obstacles and considerations in performing a sufficiently accurate debris and meteoroid analysis using data and tools that are readily available to the broad space sector. The resulting procedures are useful in the assessment of the risk posed to optics by the meteoroid and debris environment and in the design of protection. 相似文献
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Open source feld operation and manipulation(OpenFOAM)is one of the most prevalent open source computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.It is very convenient for researchers to develop their own codes based on the class library toolbox within OpenFOAM.In recent years,several density-based solvers within OpenFOAM for supersonic/hypersonic compressible flow are coming up.Although the capabilities of these solvers to capture shock wave have already been verifed by some researchers,these solvers still need to be validated comprehensively as commercial CFD software.In boundary layer where diffusion is the dominant transportation manner,the convective discrete schemes'capability to capture aerothermal variables,such as temperature and heat flux,is different from each other due to their own numerical dissipative characteristics and from viewpoint of this capability,these compressible solvers within OpenFOAM can be validated further.In this paper,frstly,the organizational architecture of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM is analyzed.Then,from the viewpoint of the capability to capture aerothermal variables,the numerical results of several typical geometrical felds predicted by these solvers are compared with both the outcome obtained from the commercial software Fastran and the experimental data.During the computing process,the Roe,AUSM+(Advection Upstream Splitting Method),and HLLC(Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact)convective discrete schemes of which the spatial accuracy is 1st and 2nd order are utilized,respectively.The compared results show that the aerothermal variables are in agreement with results generated by Fastran and the experimental data even if the1st order spatial precision is implemented.Overall,the accuracy of these density-based solvers can meet the requirement of engineering and scientifc problems to capture aerothermal variables in diffusion boundary layer. 相似文献
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采用压敏漆(PSP)测量技术研究了尾迹对涡轮动叶气膜冷却效率的影响,测试叶片带有11排圆柱形气膜孔。获得了不同质量流量比和尾迹斯特劳哈尔数(Sr=0,0.12,0.36)条件下全表面气膜冷却效率分布的试验数据,结果表明:随着尾迹Sr数的增加,叶片前缘区域径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达36.5%,吸力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达53.5%,压力面径向平均气膜冷却效率最大降低幅度达24.2%;尾迹对前缘和吸力面气膜冷却效率的影响大于压力面;随着质量流量比增加,尾迹的影响减小;在进行涡轮动叶表面气膜冷却结构设计时,不考虑尾迹效应会增加设计风险。 相似文献
350.
O. Grigoryan K. Kudela H. Rothkaehl V. Sheveleva 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2008,41(1):81-85
We continue to analyze the distribution of electron fluxes with energy 30–500 keV under the radiation belts at low and middle latitudes (L = 1.2–1.9) using experimental data obtained onboard ACTIVE satellite. Special attention is given to altitudinal distribution of electron fluxes and detailed analysis of these electron formations. We observe three main regions of electron flux registration that seem to exist constantly under the radiation belts. These regions are: magneto-conjugated to SAA region (in the north hemisphere), local zone of low intense electron flux accumulation to the west of SAA, and extensive region in the north hemisphere to the east. The analysis of experimental data obtained from ACTIVE satellite (orbit height 500–2500 km) shows that electron fluxes are registered in the wide altitude range up to 1100 km. It is shown that these formations have complicated initial structure with two regions of flux maximums: at L = 1.3 and L = 1.6–1.8. We compare particle data with low frequency (LF) data (ARIEL-4 satellite) and high frequency (HF) data (CORONAS-I satellite). Also we discuss the possible mechanisms of the appearance of these formations under the radiation belts. 相似文献