用热流探针测量激波速度

激波速度测量是激波管和激波风洞运行状态的一个重要参数,压电传感器或光学方法测速系统成本高,而传统电离探针在激波马赫数较低、波后温度达不到空气电离程度的情况下无法满足实验要求。提出了一种使用同轴热电偶作为测速探针来测激波速度的方法,弥补了电离探针在激波马赫数较低时的不足。介绍了同轴热电偶探针测速原理,并设计了测量激波速度的系统电路。通过信号放大电路锁定激波冲激信号,触发脉冲信号发生电路,实现了一种单通道、多测点的激波风洞测速系统。分别开展以温度与热流为触发信号的风洞实验,结果表明只有使用热流信号才能满足激波测速的时间要求。     

防热瓦式防护系统缝隙热控设计规律

建立了热防护系统(Thermal protection system,TPS)缝隙气动热分析的计算流体动力学(Computational fluid dynamics,CFD)数值模型,将缝隙热流密度分布情况与平板热流进行了对比,结果表明由于缝隙的存在缝隙上端出现了热流峰值,并且缝隙迎风面热流密度大于背风面热流密度,缝隙热流密度主要集中在缝隙上端与缝隙宽度相当的区域内;采用分析获得的缝隙热流密度建立了缝隙热控分析的有限元传热模型,结果表明缝隙气动热和缝隙类空腔辐射会造成机体表面温度的升高,是造成缝隙热短路现象的原因;最后研究了缝隙几何形状(缝隙宽度、缝隙倒圆角以及缝隙台阶)对缝隙热控性能的影响,分析结果表明随缝隙宽度增加,机体表面最高温度升高。随缝隙倒圆角半径增加,机体表面最高温度降低。随缝隙台阶高度增加,台阶正差时机体表面最高温度升高,台阶逆差时机体表面最高温度降低。     

石英灯辐射加热试验热流分布优化研究

石英灯辐射加热是在地面上模拟飞行中施加在飞行器表面热载荷的一种加热方式.由于石英灯加热元件的分布不同导致试验件表面不同区域获得的热流密度与要求施加的热载荷有所差异,这样可能会导致"过试验"或"欠试验"现象出现,从而降低了试验数据的可用性,增加了结构设计的风险.本文基于蒙特卡罗方法,对单一石英灯加热器内部热流分布进行了数...     

高精度混合型格式的构造及数值模拟

在守恒变量形式的无波动无自由参数耗散(NND)格式的基础上,引入样条插值的思想,并采用具有一致二阶精度格式的限制器函数,构造了一个在光滑区具有四阶精度,在激波附近降为二阶精度的混合型格式。在计算中采用具有总变差减少(TVD)性质的四阶R unge-K u tta方法进行时间离散,通过对多个典型算例的计算,并与NND格式作了比较,分析结果表明:混合四阶格式引起的耗散和波动较小,并且能够高精度地分辨间断。     

基于带波动算子非线性Schroedinger方程数值分析的守恒差分算法

对一类带波动算子的非线性Schrodinger方程进行了数值分析，提出了一个含参数的二阶守恒差分格式，根据参数选取的差异，该格式既可隐式计算也可显式计算。对初值条件进行了中心差分离散，使其具有二阶精度，从而与守恒格式的精度一致。利用矩阵理论证明了差分解的存在惟一性，并利用一个重要的不等式在先验估计的基础上，运用能量估计的方法证明了该格式按无穷范数以二阶精度收敛到真实解。数值实验表明该格式具有较高的计算效率。     

The Investigation of Possible Approaches of Cataloged Space Objects to Manned Spacecraft

Initial orbital parameter errors are used to examine the miss distance between a spacecraft and an ensemble of tracked objects by a Monte Carlo-type analysis. The radial separation between orbits is evaluated and a keep-out zone is determined, which reduces the risk of collision to an acceptable level.An operational prediction methodology is suggested based on a catalog database, which identifies potentially hazardous approaches and computes the probability of collision for selected spacecraft. An example for the Mir Space Station is presented, which estimates the collision probability and the cross-sectional flux of cataloged objects for the time frame of interest. The results appear to be in good agreement with those of other space debris models.     

Variations of total electron content over high latitude region during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle

The solar cycle variation and seasonal changes significantly affects the ionization process of earth’s ionosphere and required to be monitored in real time basis for regional level refinement of existing models. In view of this, the present study has been carried out by using the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) data observed with the help of Global Ionospheric Scintillation and TEC monitoring (GISTM) system installed at Indian Antarctic Research Station, “Maitri” [70°46′00″S 11°43′56″E] during the ascending phase of 24th solar cycle. The daily values of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) flux (0.1–50?nm wavelength), 10.7?cm radio flux F_10.7 and Sunspot number (SSN) has been taken as a proxy to represent the solar cycle variation to correlate with TEC. The linear regression results revels better correlation of TEC with EUV flux rather than F_10.7 and SSN. Also, the EUV and TEC show better agreement during summer as compared to winter and equinox period. Correlation between TEC and EUV appears significantly noticeable during ten internationally defined quiet days of each month (stable background geophysical condition) as compared to the overall days (2010–2014). Further, saturation effect has been observed on TEC values during the solar maxima year 2014. The saturation effects are more prominent during the night hours of winter and equinox season due to transportation losses manifested by the equator-ward direction of meridional wind.     

Effects of cold fronts on MODIS-derived sensible and latent heat fluxes in Itumbiara reservoir (Central Brazil)

In this work we investigate the cold front passage effects on sensible and latent heat flux in a tropical hydroelectric reservoir. The study area, Itumbiara reservoir (Goiás State/Brazil) at the beginning of the austral winter, is characterized by the presence of a weak thermal stratification and the passage of several cold fronts from higher latitudes of South America. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated considering the atmospheric boundary layer stability. In situ and MODIS water surface temperature data were used to adjust the coefficients for momentum and heat exchanges between water and atmosphere and spatialize the sensible and latent heat fluxes. The results showed that during a cold front event the sensible heat flux can be up to five times greater than the flux observed before. The latent heat flux tends to decrease during the cold front but increase again after the passage. The highest values of heat loss were observed at littoral zone and some Reservoir’s embayment. The heat loss intensification can be separated in two moments: first, during the cold front passage, when the wind speed increases and the air temperature decreases; second, after the cold front passage, with air humidity decreasing. This can be considered a key process to understanding the heat loss in the Itumbiara reservoir.     

任意多面体网格上的欧拉方程数值算法

发展并验证了一种新的支持多面体网格的欧拉方程离散算法,采用Fortran 95编写了支持任意网格拓扑及三维复杂外形的通用求解器.在空间离散上,基于径向基函数理论提出了一种新的梯度计算方法,并采用动能通量分裂格式来得到准确并且稳定的二阶精度重构.该方法不依赖于网格几何形状,因此对网格质量不敏感.由于在时间方向采用了点隐松...     

活性剂对不锈钢激光-TIG电弧复合焊接的影响

选用氧化物TiO<,2>、Cr<,2>O<,3>、B<,2>O<,3>、SiO<,2>和氟化物CaF<,2>为活性剂,研究了它们对激光-TIG电弧复合焊接不锈钢的影响.结果表明,Cr<,2>O<,3>和B<,2>O<,3>使焊缝更对称,而TiO<,2>、SiO<,2>和CaF<,2>则可消除焊缝的喇叭口收边,Cr<,2...