电子设备吊舱瞬态热载荷分析与计算

瞬态热载荷的分析与计算是合理设计电子设备吊舱环境控制系统的基础.本文建立了吊舱动态热平衡方程与壁面导热方程,并使用有限差分方程求解吊舱瞬态热载荷.分析了飞行状态及吊舱热容量对吊舱瞬态温度的影响,提出了"蓄冷"节能的设计概念并据此合理地确定了吊舱环境控制系统的设计热载荷.     

航天器瞬态热平衡试验技术的新探索

文章以某型号航天器热平衡试验为工程应用背景,在正样星中用星内仪器按在轨飞行状态工作的方法实现仪器的内热源,用表面薄膜加热器模拟航天器表面多层部分的外热流,用红外加热笼模拟散热面的外热流,藉此实现了瞬态热平衡试验.     

Study of amplification coefficient in a water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus

A new water-cooling Gardon-type heat power measuring apparatus is designed to meet the need of heat power source management and distribution. The steady state measurement mathematic model of the apparatus is built up in theory and the system amplification coefficient is defined as the ratio of the heat power to the temperature difference of the device, with which the value of the measured source power can be calculated easily with the corresponding temperature difference. In order to obtain an optimal heat power measuring system, the coefficients that can influence the relationship between the amplification coefficient, the temperature difference, and the heat power are analyzed. On the basis of these analyses, a set of experimental device is constructed and a number of experiments are carried on. Compared with the input heat power sample data, the error of the experimental measuring results is less than ±2%, and the experimental measuring values are in good agreement with the calculated theoretical ones. The heat power measuring apparatus can be applied in heat flux or heat power measurement in other fields due to its simple structure and high accuracy.     

三阶HWCNS的构造及其在高超声速流动中的应用

对网格质量要求高、计算稳定性差和计算效率低是制约高阶精度格式应用于高超声速复杂流动模拟的重要因素。针对这些问题,发展了三阶精度的混合节点半节点加权紧致非线性格式(HWCNS3),改进其光滑测试因子和非线性权得到了HWCNS3-OP,并给出了它们的频谱特性。利用Lax和Osher-Shu算例测试了格式对间断和高频波的捕捉能力;通过钝锥和航天飞机的高超声速绕流算例,考察了HWCNS3-OP在真实流动模拟中热流和气动力的预测精度及其计算效率。研究结果表明:HWCNS3-OP具有较高的分辨率和良好的间断捕捉能力,高频波捕捉能力相对HWCNS3提高了约3倍,相对守恒律的单调迎风中心格式(MUSCL)提高了约4倍;HWCNS3-OP计算稳定性较好,计算效率相对五阶HWCNS提高了2~3倍,HWCNS3-OP是一种较适合高超声速复杂流动模拟的高阶精度格式。     

求解双曲守恒律方程的自适应人工黏性熵稳定格式

采用熵守恒格式求解双曲守恒律方程不满足熵稳定条件.为了达到熵稳定,需要在熵守恒格式的基础上增加黏性机制,使总熵耗散.鉴于自适应人工黏性在不同的计算区域上其黏性大小的变化特点,在熵守恒通量的基础上添加经过修正的自适应人工黏性通量构造出一种新的结构简单的熵稳定格式.根据自适应人工黏性的自适应性,并经过简单调节黏性比例系数C之后,该格式可以在不使用限制器的情况下达到整体的高分辨率,表现出:在间断区域有足够的数值耗散保证稳定;在光滑区域,黏性很小,不会影响格式在此的高精度.最后的几个数值算例以熵稳定ERoe格式和高分辨率熵稳定EYee格式的数值结果作为参照,分析说明这种格式的特性.     

火灾试验中复合推进剂热辐射通量的测量

为了验证热辐射通量理论计算方法对推进剂的适用性,采用热辐射计测试了三种推进剂在外部火烧试验中的热辐射通量最大值和平均值,并根据样品燃烧时间计算了样品的热辐射通量。三种推进剂的热辐射通量的测量平均值为2.87kW/m2,2.65kW/m2和3.44kW/m2,理论计算值为4.06kW/m2,7.62kW/m2和3.67kW/m2。结果表明:当样品燃烧时间大于5s时,热辐射通量的测试平均值与理论计算值基本一致;当燃烧时间小于5s时,由于理论计算公式中设定的燃烧热转变为辐射热的比例(0.33)大于实际转化率,导致热辐射通量的理论计算值偏大,因此建议用热辐射计测量样品的热辐射通量。     

木材在锥形量热仪上的点燃实验研究

利用锥形量热仪研究了外加辐射热流和电火花点火高度对木材着火时的点燃时间、表面温度、质量损失速率等点燃特征参数的影响,提出了室内火灾中木材点燃的临界质量通量判据。研究结果表明,增大外加辐射热流,木材点燃时间缩短,点燃的临界表面温度减小,但临界质量通量不变;增大电火花的点火高度,木材点燃时间延长,点燃的临界表面温度升高,临界质量通量增大;对于特定场所,可以用临界质量通量作为木材点燃的判据。     

SEP events and multi-spacecraft observations: Constraints on theory

Fifteen solar energetic particle (SEP) events have been analyzed using proton flux data recorded by the Helios 1, Helios 2, and IMP 8 spacecraft in the energy range ∼4–40 MeV during 1974–1982. For each of the events at least two of the spacecraft have their nominal magnetic footpoint within 20° in heliocentric longitude from each other. The SEP events are sub-grouped as a function of their heliocentric longitudinal separation and heliocentric radial distance from the SEP associated solar flare and several case studies are presented in this paper. Main results concerning their usage in estimating the SEP radial dependence are given. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of the third not connected spacecraft in order to study the dependence of the proton flux as a function of flare location. It is found that the contribution of the longitudinal gradient in determining variations in the SEP proton flux is particularly relevant for spacecraft having their magnetic connection footpoint separated from the flare between 30° and 50°.     

Charged particles on the Earth–Jupiter–Europa spacecraft trajectory

Charged particle fluxes on the trajectory of future Russian space research mission to Jupiter and its satellite Europa are investigated. The existing experimental data and models of Jupiter’s main magnetic field and radiation belts are summarized. Preliminary results of computations of energetic particle fluxes and radiation doses for each stage of the flight are given. Special attention is paid to estimation of radiation conditions in Europa’s orbit and on its surface; influence of the satellite on spatial distribution of the fluxes of charged particles of various energies is studied.     

Ionospheric heating due to solar flares as measured by SROSS-C2 satellite

The data on thermal fluctuations of the topside ionosphere have been measured by Retarding Potential Analyser (RPA) payload aboard the SROSS-C2 satellite over the Indian region for half of the solar cycle (1995–2000). The data on solar flare has been obtained from National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) Boulder, Colorado (USA) and other solar indices (solar radio flux and sunspot number) were download from NGDC website. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures show a consistent enhancement during the solar flares. The enhancement in the electron temperature is 28–92% and for ion temperature it is 18–39% compared to the normal day’s average temperature. The enhancement of ionospheric temperatures due to solar flares is correlated with the variation of sunspot and solar radio flux (F10.7cm). All the events studied in the present paper fall in the category of subflare with almost same intensity. The ionospheric electron and ion temperatures enhancement have been compared with the IRI model values.