燃油喷嘴封严弹簧失效与发动机冒烟的关系

通过流量试验对比分析、燃油喷嘴结构分析以及弹簧失效机理分析对某发动机长期存在的冒烟故障的根本原因进行了探索性研究.对冒烟发动机和无冒烟发动机燃油喷嘴及总管流量试验的实证分析表明:发动机冒烟故障的根本原因在于外场服役期间慢车工况某些燃油喷嘴反压降低导致的总管流量不均.对冒烟发动机14个燃油喷嘴的结构实证分析表明:发动机服役中燃油喷嘴及燃油总管流量特性发生漂移的根本原因在于封严弹簧顶紧机制的丧失,而造成顶紧机制丧失的根本原因是弹簧端过度不平导致螺母旋合过程中弹簧在不平端受力不均以致不规则歪倒塑性变形.      

二元矢量喷管内外流场数值计算与隐身性分析

针对二元矢量喷管进行了相似性的全三维建模,对二元矢量喷管的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟,并对二元喷管隐身技术进行了分析。     

某发动机整机模态分析

为了获得某型号发动机的动态特性,采用有限元方法进行了发动机整机的模态分析。按照由组件到整机的思想,分别建立了各个组件的有限元模型。重点对推力室和喷管的建模方法进行了分析。将推力室按等效刚度法等效为单层壳,喷管按结构特性等效为正交各向异性壳,并将喷管计算结果同模态试验结果进行对比,验证了喷管建模方法的准确性。各组件模型组装为整机有限元模型,计算得到了整机的模态分布。数值计算结果同模态试验结果吻合较好。     

Jet sweeping angle control by fluidic oscillators with master-slave designs

The fluidic oscillator is an instrument that can continuously generate a spatially sweeping jet entirely based on its internal geometry without any moving parts. However, the traditional fluidic oscillator has an inherent limitation, that is, the spreading angle cannot be controlled independently, rather by the jet volume flow rate and internal geometry. Accordingly, two types of fluidic oscillators based on the master-slave design are developed in current study to decouple this correlation. In both designs, the master layer inherits the similar oscillation mechanisms of a sweeping jet, and the slave layer resembles a steady jet channel. The difference between the two designs is that Design A has a short diverging exit in the slave layer, but Design B adds a long interaction chamber in the exit channel to intensify flow instability. The external flow fields and governing oscillation properties of these two designs are experimentally explored with time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), while the internal flow dynamics and driving oscillation mechanisms are numerically investigated. By fixing the total volume flow rate, the jet spreading angle of Design A can be increased smoothly from 0° to above 100° by increasing the proportion of master layer's flow rate from 0 to 100%. For Design B, the control authority of the master layer is significantly enhanced by adding the interaction chamber in the slave layer. In addition, the added chamber causes notable jet oscillation even when the master layer has none input.     

Comprehensive optimization design of aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics of serpentine nozzle

Comprehensive optimization design of serpentine nozzle with trapezoidal outlet was studied to improve its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering performance. Serpentine nozzles with different center offsets and different ratios of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet were generated based on curvature control regulation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted to obtain the flow field in the nozzle, and Forward-Backward Iterative Physical Optics (FBIPO) method was applied to study the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the nozzle. Guarantee Convergence Particle Swarm Optimization (GCPSO) algorithm based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network was used to optimize the geometry of the nozzle in consideration of its aerodynamic and electromagnetic scattering characteristics. The results show that the GCPSO method based on RBF can be used to optimize the aerodynamic characteristics of the internal flow and the scattering characteristics of the cavity of the serpentine nozzle with irregular outlet. The optimized model has a higher center offset and a lower ratio of the bases of the trapezoidal outlet after optimization compared to the original model. The optimized model leads to a slight change in aerodynamic performance, with a total pressure recovery coefficient increase of 0.31% and a discharge coefficient increase of 0.41%. In addition, the Radar Cross Section (RCS) decreases also by around 83.33% and the overall performance is significantly improved, with a decrease of the optimized objective function by around 38.74%.     

塞锥后体气膜冷却对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响

运用数值模拟方法,在主流质量流量为130 kg/s、总温为920 K和冷却空气总温为480 K的参数条件下,对比分析了塞锥后体气膜孔排布方式、气膜孔倾角(15°~30°)和气膜冷却空气用量(3%主流质量流量以内)对轴对称塞式喷管红外辐射和气动性能的影响。研究结果表明:塞锥后体的气膜冷却对喷管推力系数的影响十分微弱;对塞锥后体提供1%主流质量流量的冷却空气,喷管红外辐射强度相对无冷却喷管降低50%左右;当冷却空气用量增大至3%时,喷管红外辐射强度下降约60%,总压恢复系数降低较为显著;在相同的冷却空气用量下,小孔排间距的多孔排布方式与大孔排间距相比,具有近乎相同的红外辐射抑制效果和低的总压恢复系数下降幅度;气膜孔倾角从30°减小至15°,对塞锥后体表面温度的降低以及喷管总压恢复系数的改善效果微弱。     

考虑进口非均匀的喷管设计及冷流条件下的性能研究

超燃冲压发动机尾喷管与燃烧室直接相连,由于没有几何喉道和收缩段的整流作用,实际工作过程中尾喷管的进口气流是非均匀的,因而有必要研究非均匀进口条件下的尾喷管设计方法。以超燃冲压发动机尾喷管非均匀进口马赫数分布为条件,采用有旋特征线设计了超燃冲压发动机非对称尾喷管的等熵膨胀型线。利用数值模拟和试验相结合的方法研究了冷流条件下喷管的气动性能。结果表明,在相同的进口条件下,相对于假定进口马赫数均匀分布设计得到的喷管,考虑进口马赫数非均匀分布设计的喷管推力增加0.6%~2.0%,负升力降低可达82.0%,俯仰力矩增加8.6%~13.0%,这说明在喷管的设计过程中考虑进口参数分布的非均匀性是有必要的。     

一种强剪切空气雾化喷嘴的流场和喷雾

采用数值和实验方法对一种强剪切空气雾化喷嘴的流场和喷雾特性进行研究.采用粒子动态分析仪(PDA)实验研究了不同气液比下强剪切空气雾化喷嘴的速度场和喷雾场,并对该喷嘴的流场进行了数值计算,所得的计算结果与实验数据比较吻合.研究结果表明:强剪切空气雾化喷嘴的设计合理,两股旋流空气在喷嘴内部完成强烈的动量交换,并对燃油进行了强剪切.强剪切空气雾化喷嘴在宽调节比范围内能够完成良好的雾化,当气液比变化10倍,液雾的索太尔平均直径分布均处于20~60μm之间.随着气液比的增大,线平均索太尔平均直径逐渐减小,推导了适用于该喷嘴的索太尔平均直径计算模型,可为强剪切空气雾化喷嘴设计提供参考.      

基于安装性能的航空发动机中间状态喷管调节计划优化

以Matlab为平台,结合MS-DOS命令和计算流体动力学（CFD）软件操作日志,成功实现将发动机零维总体性能计算程序和二维喷管内外流场CFD软件结合的数值缩放技术.为优化飞机推进系统巡航状态性能,耦合飞机后体阻力优化航空发动机喷管喉道面积、喷管出口面积的调节计划.计算结果表明:在保持发动机稳定裕度的前提下,如仅优化喷管出口面积,在大马赫数飞行状态时安装推力提高超过1%.      

某涡轴发动机起动不成功分析

对某型发动机外场起动不成功试验数据进行分析,并通过燃油喷嘴低油压雾化试验及整机起动时的温度场测量验证,确认燃油喷嘴喷口积炭后,燃油喷嘴喷雾锥角减少,燃油雾化质量恶化,直接影响到发动机起动时火焰联焰的可靠性,对发动机起动性能产生较大影响.涡流器插入深度对涡流器出口喷雾的部件研究试验结果显示:插入深度对涡流器出口喷雾无影响;整机模拟外场使用结果表明:发动机在不大于30%功率的低状态长期使用,离心式燃油喷嘴容易出现积炭.