跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的液体推进剂管理

根据大气层飞行环境与机动飞行特点,以及空间飞行环境与液体推进剂特点,分析了跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的保证重力场和失重状态下均无夹气液体输送、控制液体推进剂质心位移、剩余推进剂空间排放和重复使用等液体推进剂管理技术要求。阐述了相应的关键技术,如包括无夹气输送、液体质心位移控制、失重状态下的流体动力、参数确定和结构设计等管理模式确定,以及包括模型参数确定、模型、状态模拟和验证等的管理模式试验。     

基于特征点的地形数据存储模型

低空突防在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用，而机载数字地图是现代自主式低空突防系统的一个关键子系统。突防区域内的三维地形数据是数字地图最重要的信息源，故数字地图子系统的成功构筑有赖于在机载环境下有效地存储三维地形数据。本文提出了一种基于地形特征点的三维地形存储模型，其中给出了地形特征点的提取方法及地形特征点的存储编码方式。研究表明，该存储模型可大大减小地形数据的存储空间，并有利于提高三维地形的显示速度。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.     

再入体激波层和近尾流热辐射实验研究

本文介绍了在弹道靶设备上对再入速度下模型的热辐射进行的实验研究工作。铝、高硅氧和聚碳酸酯三种材料的模型在速度为4.5～6.0(km/s),压力为600—8000Pa条件下做了实验,在258nm—1100nm光谱范围内完成了九个波段的辐射测量,给出了三种材料模型的辐射光谱分布曲线。结果表明辐射量除了受环境条件影响外,还强烈地依赖于模型材料;由烧蚀产物引起的辐射通量主要在可见光和近红外区(465nm以上)。估算了烧蚀产物引起的辐射加热率,对头部和近尾流辐射通量做了比较。     

航迹跟踪的优化方法研究

最优航迹跟踪要求飞机的实际飞行航迹与理想航迹的偏差最小,但若采用按偏差的最优控制方法,会造成控制变量的剧烈震荡.为了解决控制变量的剧烈震荡问题,提出了一种新的偏差-微分综合控制方法.通过对参考航迹的跟踪验证,表明该方法有效地解决了控制变量最优解的振荡问题,并实现了精确的航迹跟踪性能.     

Prompt effects of solar wind variations on the inner magnetosphere and midlatitude ionosphere

It is well known that the solar wind can significantly affect high-latitude ionospheric dynamics. However, the effects of the solar wind on the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are much less studied. In this paper, we report observations that large perturbations in the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are well correlated with solar wind variations. In one event, a significant (20–30%) decrease of the midlatitude ionospheric electron density over a large latitudinal range was related to a sudden drop in the solar wind pressure and a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field, and the density decrease became larger at lower latitudes. In another event, periodic perturbations in the dayside equatorial ionospheric E × B drift and electrojet were closely associated with variations in the interplanetary electric field. Since the solar wind is always changing with time, it can be a very important and common source of ionospheric perturbations at middle- and low-latitudes. The relationship between solar wind variations and significant ionospheric perturbations has important applications in space weather.     

混合与扩散同时进行的环形引射系统引射性能实验研究

本文设计了“混合与扩散同时进行”的环形引射系统,并结合其驱动引射式风洞,实验探讨了该系统的参数影响规律及混合特性,结果表明,引射器系统采取“同时混合扩散”方式可达到与传统的“等截面混合后再扩散”的方式相当的性能,但新方式下则大大缩短了系统结构尺寸,因而具有重要的实用意义。实验表明“同时混合扩散”方式只宜于应用在具有周向喷流特点的系统中,同时混合扩散角应与常规扩散角相当(β=6°)。研究表明,讨论喷流马赫数Ma_j对性能的影响应与面积比A_2/A_*的变化独立开来,Mα_j变化对性能的影响不超过10％,而面积比变化对性能的影响十分显著,在面积比与膨胀比适当的配合下,可获得较高的系统效率。     

过失速飞机最速指向目标机动研究

基于飞机质点动力学模型建立了指向活动目标的终端条件,并进行最速指向机动动作的数值优化,其中用共轭梯度法寻优,用罚函数处理约束条件.计算结果表明,优化可以指导寻找对应于不同战术要求的有利机动过程;在近距空战中,具有快速改变航迹方向并进入过失速超大迎角机动的能力非常有利于快速指向目标、争取首攻机会,而改变航迹方向倾向于使用最大升力区迎角.     

空间飞行体远尾区内场和密度的非稳态非线性计算

对空间飞行体远尾区内等离子体与场之间非稳态非线性相互作用的耦合方程，在考虑了时间导数项后，进行了数值模拟计算．计算中考虑到场量具有轴对称的特点，利用二维三分量的初始条件，采用FTCS有限差分格式方法，得到了场和密度扰动的分布．结果表明，这种非线性相互作用也会引起场的塌缩并出现密度空洞，但塌缩的速度较快．通过对密度空洞变化的探测，可以对隐身飞行体进行跟踪探测．     

直升机飞行动力学仿射非线性系统建模

建立一种单旋翼带尾浆直升机飞行动力学仿射非线性系统数学模型，为进一步开展直升机非线性系统特性和控制律设计研究做准备，建模过程中，保证了控制量能在方程中线性表示，又保证了模型的精度，以ＵＨ－６０Ａ直升机为对象，进行定直飞行配平计算以及直升机对不同操纵输入的动态响应计算，计算结果与试飞结果吻合，与国外较成熟的非线性工程实时仿真模型相比有相当的精度，证明建模理论和方法的合理和有效。