飞机座舱显示界面脑力负荷测量与评价

脑力负荷是影响飞行安全的重要因素之一,对飞行员脑力负荷进行客观测量,对于飞机座舱显示界面脑力任务的工效评价与优化设计具有重要意义.基于ERP（Eveat Related Potential）技术,选取失匹配负波（MMN,Mismatch Negativity）和P3a成分为指标,采用三刺激“oddball”模式,在飞行模拟任务条件下开展了三级脑力负荷的测量与评价研究.实验结果表明,MMN峰值和P3a峰值对脑力负荷变化敏感,随着脑力负荷的增加,MMN峰值显著增加,而P3a峰值显著降低,反应了被试者对异常信息的自动加工能力的提高以及朝向注意能力的减弱.与新异刺激相比,由偏差刺激所诱发的MMN与P3a成分对于与飞行任务相关的脑力负荷具有更好的敏感性,将可用于进一步的脑力负荷分级评价.      

结构受损飞机动力学模型与飞行控制方法

为实现对结构部分受损飞机的安全控制,建立了其动力学模型,通过分析将结构受损飞机的旋转运动分解为正常飞机旋转运动和由于受损引起的扰动运动,将结构受损飞机的控制转化为对扰动等不确定性因素的抑制问题.提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的轨迹线性化控制方法进行飞行控制律设计,使系统具有较强的鲁棒性.仿真结果表明:当飞机右侧机翼缺损15%半翼展长时,控制系统能实现结构受损飞机的解耦控制,角速度响应能较好地跟踪指令,有效抑制了结构受损带来的不确定性和扰动.     

小天体伴飞脉冲控制

文章在同时考虑太阳和小天体引力的基础上,建立探测器相对小天体运动的动力学方程,利用状态转换矩阵描述小行星附近的运动.采用了一种阈值控制方法,当误差超过阈值时,利用脉冲控制使得探测器回到目标位置.研究结果表明,该控制方法能很好地实现探测器的位置保持,且方法实现简单、控制周期长、推进剂消耗少.     

Electric discharge in the Martian atmosphere,Paschen curves and implications for future missions

Electric discharge between two electrically charged surfaces occurs at a well-defined, gas-dependent combination of atmospheric pressure and the distance between those two surfaces, as described by Paschen’s law. The understanding of when the discharge will occur in the conditions present on Mars is essential for designing space-flight hardware that will operate on the Martian surface as well as understanding electrical discharge processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere. Here, we present experimentally measured Paschen curves for a gas mixture representative of the Martian atmosphere and compare our results to breakdown voltages of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium as measured with our system and from the literature. We will discuss possible implications for instrument development as well as implications for processes in the Martian atmosphere. The DC voltage at which electric discharge occurred between two stainless steel spheres was measured at pressures from 10⁻² to 100 torr in all gases. We measured a minimum voltage for discharge in the Mars ambient atmosphere of 410 ± 10 V at 0.3 torr cm. As an application, the breakdown properties of space-qualified, electrical wires to be used in the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) were studied.     

鸭式旋翼/机翼飞行器转换末段气动特性

采用数值模拟方法研究鸭式旋翼/机翼(CRW,Canard Rotor/Wing)飞行器在转换过程末段,旋翼转速极低时全机气动特性变化规律及其产生原因.给出了旋翼旋转一周时,全机气动力、气动力矩、焦点位置变化规律,对此布局形式,转换过程末段全机升力、阻力变化幅度可达10.7%,3.7%,焦点可移动0.6 m.研究显示:旋翼处于前后不对称流场及旋翼处于不同方位角时对机体的不对称干扰是气动力与气动力矩变化原因,旋翼与平尾升力线斜率变化、旋翼自身焦点位置变化导致了全机焦点移动.      

持续载荷飞行模拟器过失速机动过载模拟

对新型的持续载荷飞行模拟器(SGFS,Sustained G-load Flight Simulator)模拟过失速机动过载的方法进行了研究.针对过失速机动中飞机角运动剧烈的特点,推导了考虑飞机转动带来的附加过载的飞机飞行员过载计算公式.在SGFS过载模拟数学模型中应用此公式,以典型的过失速机动动作.Herbst机动为例,对机动时的飞行员过载进行了仿真研究.仿真中SGFS能够较精确地跟踪输入的飞行员三轴过载指令,最大误差小于0.2g.研究结果表明:过失速机动时飞机转动引起的附加过载不可忽略,同时也表明SGFS可较好地用于对过失速机动飞行员过载的模拟.     

编队卫星空间状态与星间基线的建模与分析

针对编队卫星任务中起重要作用的星间基线指标,在考虑精度需求的基础上对用于确定星间基线的空间状态量进行了选择,建立了空间状态量与星间基线的关联数学模型,提供了误差分析方法,仿真给出了一定场景设置下的精度影响因子等指标以定量刻画二者之间的误差传播关系。基线长度仅与编队卫星的相对空间状态有关,而基线姿态角还与主星的绝对姿态有关;且由卫星空间状态得到星间基线的过程中误差放大。     

碟形飞行器纵向飞行品质

碟形飞行器是一种新颖的,采用翼身融合布局的飞行器.应用经典飞行动力学理论的线性化小扰动方法对碟形飞行器在低速条件下的纵向稳定特性进行了仿真计算,采用时域分析的方法对其纵向模态进行了分析,得到了碟形飞行器的纵向飞行品质状况,并进行了试飞验证.同时将碟形飞行器同常规布局飞机和飞翼飞机的特性做了简要的对比,分析了碟形飞行器同二者的异同之处和产生的原因.研究结果表明,碟形飞行器纵向模态稳定,具有良好的纵向飞行品质和综合性能.      

Leaf proteomic analysis of three rice heritable mutants after seed space flight

To explore the proteomic changes of heritable variant rice plants induced by space environment, three mutants were selected after seed space flight by comparing the phenotypes with their on-ground controls. R955 grew more tillers and became dwarf, 971-5 acquired higher grain yield and better stress resistance, 974-5 matured earlier. Leaf proteins were extracted during the tiller development and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). More than 300 proteins were detected as reproducible Coomassie Brilliant Blue stained spots with pI values from around 4.0 to 7.0. Five proteins that changed significantly over the controls were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The main functions of these proteins were photosynthesis, stress defense and metabolism including RuBisCO activase, glycine rich RNA binding protein, peroxidase, triosephosphate isomerase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which might be probably associated with the altered phenotypes. Quantitative analyses were also applied: less total protein spots and more down-regulated protein spots were detected in the mutants, indicating there might be a major loss of protein in heritable variant rice plants after seed space flight. These results may provide new insights to understand the biological effects of space environment to rice.     

多操纵面飞机综合重构飞行控制方法

为提高飞机飞行安全性能,将被动重构控制与主动重构控制相结合,提出了一种综合重构飞行控制系统设计方法.采用轨迹线性化控制方法进行飞行控制律设计,使系统具有较强的鲁棒性.针对多操纵面飞机,提出面向故障的操纵面管理概念,通过基排序最优控制分配方法以基底的形式对操纵面进行重新组合,并按照期望控制目标进行排序,实现在操纵面故障下的控制重构.仿真结果表明,该控制系统能有效处理各种典型操纵面故障,在操纵面发生故障时仍能快速跟踪控制指令,保证较好的飞行性能.