微结构表面超精密切削加工的关键技术

总结了微结构表面超精密切削加工技术相对于其他加工方法所不具备的关键技术,并指出了这一领域主要的研究方向及技术难点。     

立铣切削力分类研究及精确铣削力模型的建立

 提出了一种根据切削力变化曲线的形状特征精确建立铣削力预测模型的方法。以立铣加工过程为研究对象,基于静力模型,研究铣削力的变化规律和切削用量的关系,总结了6种不同切深组合下的铣削力类型并分别给出理论的切削力随刀具旋转的变化曲线图,基于切削力交叠程度又将切削力细分为10类。在此基础上通过定义切削力分析指标,得到了基于切削力曲线形状特征的实际切深的计算方法。根据理论分析结果,提出在不同切深组合下分别建立铣削力模型的观点,实际切深的应用使得模型更加精确,更重要的是根据该切削力分类来组织试验,针对性加强,试验数据更可信。通过合理安排试验,验证了该理论的正确性。     

金属零件切削加工中刀具前角的合理选用原则

分析了金属零件切削加工中刀具前角大小对加工过程中切削力、刀具耐用度、切削温度等方面的影响,提出了合理前角的概念,给出了工作中合理选用前角的原则。     

铝7075介观尺度切削过程的仿真研究

基于位错机制的应变梯度(MSG)塑性理论,采用任意拉格朗日一欧拉ALE算法,建立了铝合金介观尺度切削过程的仿真模型,并通过试验对仿真模型进行了验证.结果表明:PCD刀具切削铝合金的最小切削厚度大致为刀具钝圆半径的0.25～0.3倍;材料应变梯度的存在使得材料表现出强烈的尺度效应,并且使单位切削力随着进给量的减小明显增大.     

Feedrate scheduling method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process

It is extremely important to select appropriate feedrates for the stable machining of parts with ruled surface in modern aviation industrial applications. However, the current studies take too much time to achieve this goal. Therefore, this paper presents an efficient feedrate optimization method for constant peak cutting force in five-axis flank milling process. The solution method of the instantaneous undeformed chip thickness (IUCT) is proposed using least squares theory with the cutter entry angle and feedrate as variables. Based on this method, an explicit analytical expression of the peak cutting force for each cutting point is established. Furthermore, a feedrate scheduling method is developed to quickly solve the appropriate feedrate under constant peak cutting force. To verify the proposed IUCT model, the fitting IUCT is compared with the accuracy data at different feedrates. Additionally, some experiments of five-axis flank milling are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the peak force model and the feedrate scheduling method. And the surface roughness before and after feedrate scheduling is detected. The results show that the proposed feedrate scheduling method can quickly adjust the feedrate and ensure constant peak force during machining. At the same time, the surface quality is kept at a high level.     

锻造焊接齿坯薄壁受力扇形齿轮的改进

针对航空产品中锻造焊接齿坯薄壁受力扇形齿轮的机械加工，从毛坯、工艺路线、基准选取、加工参数、刀具选择等进行了介绍，重点介绍了关键工序——切制齿轮，为类似零件的加工提供方法、技巧和借鉴。     

分形几何及其在精密切削加工中的应用

简要地介绍了分形几何的基本概念,以及分形几何在精密切削加工中的应用研究。包括振动分析,刀具磨损、材料素质及产品表面质量评定。     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

基于CFD的高速切削层流模拟

 高速切削塑性变形的本质是位错的不可逆运动与增殖,切削时固体的黏滞力与位错速度成正比,材料的黏性效应在材料的动态力学行为中起到越来越重要的作用,因此从流体的角度去理解比从固体的方面去认识更符合其特点。本文描述了高速切削的位错阻尼机理,建立了基于流体力学的高速切削理论模型,利用计算机模拟技术得到了高速切削时的速度场、压力场和应变率场,为高速切削研究提供了新的思路。通过分析计算结果得出如下结论:在刀尖上方存在速度滞止点,此处速度为零,压力最大,其位置变化影响着刀具寿命和工件已加工表面的质量;从压力最大点开始,压力值沿前刀面逐渐减小直到某处为零,此点即切屑与前刀面分离点;剪切面(刀尖与自由表面拐角处连线)上应变率最大,然后由此向外依次减小。     

ZrO2陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削表面及亚表面损伤机制

为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面损伤机理,基于应变率模型对其磨削过程中材料的动态力学性能进行分析,并在此基础上建立了硬脆材料的脆-塑转变临界切削深度模型与微裂纹损伤深度模型。研究发现,脆-塑转变临界切削深度和微裂纹损伤深度均与应变率有关,其中临界切削深度随着应变率的增加而增加,而横向裂纹损伤深度与中位裂纹损伤深度均随应变率的增加而减小。通过ZrO₂陶瓷切向超声辅助磨削试验进行验证。试验结果表明：由于切向超声振动的引入提高了材料应变率,进而提高了材料的动态断裂应力以及动态断裂韧性,从而扩大了ZrO₂陶瓷的塑性域去除范围,降低了加工表面的横向裂纹与中位裂纹损伤深度,使得ZrO₂陶瓷的表面及亚表面质量得到明显改善。试验结果与理论分析相一致,为进一步揭示切向超声辅助磨削过程中硬脆材料的表面及亚表面微观损伤机理提供了理论参考。