航空铝合金铣削加工中切削力的数值模拟研究

为了弥补当前斜角切削数值模拟多采用直线刀刃的不足,结合立铣加工的实际情况,提出了适合立铣加工的螺旋齿单刃斜角切削有限元模型,进而对航空铝合金7050-T7451进行了铣削加工切削力的数值模拟研究,得到了切削力值。通过铣削力实验测得了同样切削条件下的铣削力值,数值模拟结果与实验值比较吻合,从而证明所建立的有限元模型是正确的,可用于预报铣削力值。铣削加工切削力的数值模拟研究为航空铝合金切削加工的工艺参数优化、刀具的合理选择及其优化设计奠定了基础,同时也为进一步有效控制整体结构件的加工变形提供了新的研究手段。     

Five-axis flank milling tool path generation with curvature continuity and smooth cutting force for pockets

In order to ensure machining stability, curvature continuity and smooth cutting force are very important so as to meet the constraints of both cutting force and kinematics of machine tools. For five-axis flank milling, it is difficult to meet both of the constraints because tool path points and tool axis vectors interact with each other. In this paper, multiple relationships between tool path points and tool axis vectors with cutting force and kinematics of machine tools are established, and the strategies of corner-looping milling and clothoidal spirals are combined so as to find feasible solutions under both of the constraints. Tool path parameters are iterated by considering the maximum cutting force and the feasible range of the tool axis vector, and eventually a curvature continuity five-axis flank milling tool path with smooth cutting force is generated. Machining experimental results show that the conditions of cutting force are satisfied, vibration during the process of machining is reduced, and the machining quality of the surface is improved.     

挠性接头电火花线切割加工工艺探索

为了提高挠性陀螺中挠性接头细颈加工精度,减小加工表面残余应力,提出了多次切割,控制线切割走丝轨迹等一系列工艺措施。     

数控慢走丝线切割机床锥度切割的方法

模具行业的迅速发展推动了电火花线切割技术的进步，数控慢走丝线切割机床以其自动化程度高、精度好、加工稳定、可靠的优点开辟了广阔的市场前景。本文主要介绍了FUNAC线切割机床锥度切割的方法，重点介绍了当锥度有误差时，应如何进行补偿。     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

超声振动辅助切削对碳纤维增强树脂复合材料面下损伤影响的仿真研究

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）在传统加工（OC）过程中存在着切削力过大、表面质量不佳、面下损伤较为严重等问题。为了改善上述问题,本文提出使用超声振动辅助切削（UVC）工艺加工CFRP,通过仿真分析对切削力与面下损伤深度进行研究。结果表明：使用UVC加工CFRP可降低13%~80%的切削力,且纤维方向角对切削力影响较小。与OC相比,UVC切削0°、45°纤维方向角的CFRP时可以减少约50%的面下损伤深度;在切削90°、135°纤维方向角的CFRP时虽然没有改善面下损伤深度,但取得了较为平整的已加工表面以及较小的损伤区域。     

飞机空中跳伞应急出口切割装置设计与试验

爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口在飞机上的应用国内尚属首次,其最大优点是节省救生准备时间.从爆炸减压、结构变形、结构强度、爆炸反向冲击等方面进行了理论计算,分析了高空爆破切割形成应急出口的可行性.针对切割索弯折过框及长桁降低切割效果问题,进行了摸底试验和余度试验,试验结果表明:只要过框位置切割索弯折后与框距离控制在2~8mm,过长桁位置切割索弯折后与长桁距离不大于2mm,就可以满足切割分离要求,切割索弯折后相互之间不产生影响.通过1∶1地面验证试验,证明了爆破切割蒙皮形成应急出口的可行性,并成功安装于某型飞机上.研究成果可为其他型号采用爆破切割技术提供理论基础和试验数据支持.     

高温合金微量润滑振动钻削温度与刀具磨损

为了解决高温合金钻削温度高、刀具磨损快的问题,采用微量润滑的振动钻削加工方法,从换热机制角度对振动钻削的降温机理进行分析,并进行振动钻削和普通钻削对比实验.结果表明:微量润滑普通钻削的最高测量温度达到了110℃且温度随钻削深度、钻孔个数的增加而升高,而振动钻削的测量温度为55℃左右且随削深度、钻孔个数的增加增长缓慢;普通钻削刀具磨损量达到0.5 mm且随钻孔个数的增加磨损加剧,振动钻削刀具磨损量只有0.22 mm且磨损量增加缓慢.     

切深对椭圆超声振动切削机理的影响

以椭圆超声振动切削为研究对象,通过理论分析,有限元仿真和切削实验,研究了切深变量对其切削过程中机理的影响。指出在微小的切深条件下,刀尖钝圆影响不可忽略,其切削过程表现出微细切削特性。一方面,基于微细切削理论,建立了正交椭圆超声振动切削运动学和力学模型,将切削区分为后刀面回弹区、刀尖犁切区、刀尖剪切区和前刀面摩擦区四个区域,并依次对四个区域内不同切深条件下各个切削分力进行计算分析。另一方面,对切削过程进行有限元仿真和切削实验。其结果表明:当切深小于最小切削厚度时,切削过程主要为刀具后刀面的回弹挤压与摩擦和刀尖钝圆的犁切作用,不产生切屑,切深抗力大于主切削力;当切深大于最小切削厚度并逐渐增大时,刀尖剪切和切屑与前刀面的挤压与摩擦作用逐渐凸显并成为主要切削方式,此时主切削力逐渐超过切深抗力并迅速增大。     

非线性系统的建模技术及其在智能化数控加工中的应用

基于人工神经网络与模糊控制理论 ,对非线性系统提出了一种自组织模糊神经网络模型 ,并推导出一类新型学习算法。针对智能化数控加工中测力平台并不实用的问题 ,应用该模型和交流伺服电机电流进行切削力的间接测量。加工现场表明本文所建模型是有效的