贫燃料湍流预混燃烧火焰稳定性的数值研究

对突扩燃烧室内甲烷-空气预混燃烧进行了数值模拟,时均控制方程组的封闭采用RNG 湍流输运模型和premixed combustion模型.通过模拟研究了不同当量比及进口速度对甲烷-空气预混燃烧效果的影响.CFD数值模拟结果给出了燃烧室内湍流预混反应流的速度场及温度场分布.模拟结果表明当量比为0.6、进口速度为30 m/s时燃烧室内产生稳定预混火焰.该结果对于航空燃气轮机低NOx排放燃烧技术的研究提供了一定的参考条件.     

冲击+同向对流+气膜冷却效果的试验

为了研究火焰筒壁面冲击+同向对流+气膜复合冷却方式的冷却效果,设计了多种不同几何结构的试验件,采用红外热像仪对冷却壁温进行测量.研究结果表明,冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大.沿冷却壁面,冷却效率呈波浪型分布.在气膜出口附近区域和冲击驻点区域冷却效率最高.在冲击驻点区域后,冷却效率的下降较为缓慢.冷却效率随冲击间距的减小而增大.      

超燃冲压发动机多凹腔串联燃烧室阻力研究

在直连式试验台上,采用等截面燃烧室对多个凹腔同侧串联布置的燃烧室的阻力进行了试验研究。分析了凹腔深度分别为10、15和20mm,凹腔长深比分别为5和7的不同凹腔组合、凹腔顺序、凹腔距离和凹腔数目在不同燃料当量比下的燃烧室内阻。研究结果表明,在同一燃料当量比下,燃烧室内串联凹腔数目越多,阻力越大,单个阻力较大的凹腔组合后总阻力较大;燃料喷射方式和当量比对燃烧室阻力变化规律影响较大,在小当量比时氢气燃烧放热将可能增加燃烧室内阻;相同当量比和燃料喷射方式下,氢气比煤油燃烧时阻力大;在合适的当量比和燃料喷射方式下煤油燃烧时组合凹腔可能产生正推力。     

等离子体对燃气在补燃室中燃烧特性的影响

为研究等离子体对多组分燃气在发动机补燃室中的助燃特性,建立了多组分燃气供给系统以及扩散燃烧实验模型。测量了等离子体炬的发射光谱,得到了等离子体炬的主要激发态粒子;拍摄了多组分燃气在补燃室的扩散火焰照片,得到了等离子体对多组分燃气的扩散火焰形貌的影响;测量了补燃室4个不同截面上的静压和总压,分析了等离子体对多组分燃气在发动机中燃烧效率的影响。实验结果表明:等离子体炬主要产生氮气和氧气的激发态粒子;加入等离子体后,喷出冲压尾喷管的火焰长度得到进一步缩短,说明等离子体可以在更短的燃烧室长度内使得多组分燃气得到更加充分的燃烧;加入等离子体时,补燃室不同截面的静压和总压都会出现突升台阶,说明等离子体可以加快燃气的化学反应速率,提高多组分燃气在发动机中的燃烧效率,且等离子体功率越高,燃气燃烧效率的增长率越高。     

梯度磁场推进扩散火焰燃烧的实验研究

用数字粒子图像测速技术(DPIV)测量了扩散火焰周围气流在梯度磁场作用下的速度分布,并与无磁场作用下的速度分布比较。结果表明当梯度磁场作用于扩散火焰时,火焰周围气体运动被加速,火焰的形状变得尖锐,亮度增加。实验定量地验证了梯度磁场可以诱导气体对流的发生,从而进一步推进扩散火焰燃烧反应。     

硬质合金与结构钢钎焊结构低温力学性能试验

针对航天器产品恶劣工况对材料及连接方式高抗拉、抗剪强度力学性能的需求,设计试验验证了深低温至高温环境下真空钎焊与火焰钎焊试样拉伸与剪切性能：真空钎焊在-233 ℃条件下抗拉强度可达536 MPa、剪切强度可达260 MPa、-150 ℃时剪切强度300 MPa、常温剪切强度212 MPa,低温下剪切强度值更高且皆优于火焰钎焊对应温度下试样的结果。同时研究了真空钎焊工艺对合金钢40CrNiMoA材料性能的影响,真空钎焊工艺加工过程使材料本身抗拉强度下降约38%,表面硬度值下降约25%。并测量了真空钎焊试样200 ℃高温条件下抗拉强度为804 MPa,剪切强度为239 MPa。通过试验研究了不同焊接工艺对结构焊接后力学性能的影响,该试验结果对后续航天器结构设计工作具有一定的指导作用。     

模型燃烧室中值班火焰稳定器的燃烧不稳定性研究

针对值班火焰的燃烧不稳定性问题，通过试验得到了不同当量比工况下的火焰结构、压力脉动信号和热释放脉动信号。对脉动信号进行傅立叶分析，获得了脉动信号的频率和振幅。结果表明，随着当量比增加，火焰形态发生变化，燃烧室内发生了164Hz三阶模态向109Hz二阶模态的转换。对火焰平均结构、火焰瞬态结构和火焰正交分解（POD）结果进行分析后发现，漩涡脱落频率和燃烧室某一阶声学模态耦合是维持燃烧不稳定性的机理，耦合的强弱和漩涡脱落的尺度大小决定了热声振荡的振幅大小，火焰形态的变化导致热释放中心位置的变化是引起模态转换的机理。     

Effects of swirler position on flame response and combustion instabilities

This study is concerned with the experimental and theoretical investigation of the combustion instabilities in a premixed swirl combustor. It is focused on the effects of the swirl mixing distance on the intrinsic thermoacoustic mode. The swirler as an origin of the swirling flow is also the source of the flow disturbance, which has effects on the flame response. The location of the swirler is varied in the experiment to study the effect on combustion instabilities and flame transfer functions. ...     

Detailed modeling of aluminum particle combustion——From single particles to cloud combustion in Bunsen flames

A numerical model for aluminum cloud combustion which includes the effects of interphase heat transfer, phase change, heterogeneous surface reactions, homogeneous combustion,oxide cap growth and radiation within the Euler–Lagrange framework is proposed. The model is validated in single particle configurations with varying particle diameters. The combustion process of a single aluminum particle is analyzed in detail and the particle consumption rates as well as the heat release rates due to the v...     

Similarity phenomena of lean swirling flames at different bulk velocities with acoustic disturbances

In this study, flame responses to acoustic disturbances with different frequencies and amplitudes were experimentally investigated in a lean premixed swirl-stabilized combustor operating at different bulk velocities. The total heat release rate fluctuations and spatial CH* chemiluminescence distributions were captured using a photomultiplier tube and high-speed camera, respectively. The results indicate that the heat release rate exhibits a relatively drastic oscillation and high-order harmonics for low-frequency disturbances. When the bulk velocity and forcing frequency were doubled simultaneously, similar flame structures were observed in the CH* chemiluminescence distributions. As the bulk velocity increases, the gain of the Flame Describing Function (FDF) extends toward the higher frequencies, and the delay time of the flame response decreases. The similarity among FDFs at different bulk velocities was effectively captured by introducing a non-dimensional parameter, defined as the ratio of the flame response delay to the forcing time scale, to replace the dimensional forcing frequency. Furthermore, the availability of the newly defined non-dimensional parameter was verified for flames with different swirl numbers, as this played an important role in determining the flame structures and associated unsteady heat release rate.