注油方式对超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能的影响

基于脉冲燃烧风洞直连式试验平台,利用壁面压力测量和高速摄影等手段,研究了注油方式对超燃冲压发动机燃烧性能的影响.考察了不同油位单点注油时的注油特性,利用高速摄影揭示了各个油位的火焰发展历程.在产生有效推力及防止进气道不起动的限制下,确定了各个油位的贫油最低当量比、富油最高当量比.研究了第1油位、第2油位和其他油位组合注油时的耦合作用.以隔离段未扰动区域长度、燃烧室内推力、燃料比冲为指标,探寻了燃烧性能最佳的注油方式.试验获得的隔离段未扰动区域长度最大为149.6mm,燃烧室内推力最大为1622.3N,燃料比冲最大为1354.0s.      

Core reinforcement design for improving flexural energy-absorption of corrugated sandwich composite structure

To strengthen Specific Energy-Absorption (SEA) behavior of Sandwich Composite Structure (SCS), a kind of light-weight vertical stiffener is proposed for the corrugated core. The vertical stiffener, embedded in the corrugated core, can not only absorb part of energy but also simultaneously enhance Energy-Absorption (EA) of other components. The Hashin damage model considering the shear stress and ductile damage model is adopted to predict the failure of carbon fiber face-sheets and aluminum-core, respectively. The perfect bonding is modeled for interfaces between the face-sheet and core due to little realistic debonding. The finite element model is verified by available data of conventional SCS. To obtain more design ideas, several stiffeners with different thicknesses, numbers, and positions are investigated. From the predicted results, both the flexural load and deformation of SCS correlate well with experimental results. It is highlighted that the SCSs with different vertical stiffeners exhibit 9.74%–58.48% higher SEA than the SCS without stiffener. The complex reinforcement mechanisms are extensively revealed by underlying coupling EA and deformation mechanisms. Structural parameter analysis shows that the thickness and number have significant effects on the flexural behavior and SEA of reinforced SCS.     

贫燃预混旋流火焰热声特性研究

以贫燃预混旋流模型燃烧室为研究对象,以当量比为变化参数,从不稳定振荡频率、脉动压力幅值和分布、热释放响应特性等方面分析,研究了燃烧不稳定性从开始到极限环的非线性演化过程.利用低阶热声网络模型加以数值模拟验证.结果表明:脉动压力方均根、热释放响应会随着当量比的增大而呈现典型的非线性激发过程,火焰结构在发展过程中发生明显的变化.计算分析结果表明当量比低于0.7时计算结果与实验结果频率误差小于1%,而在当量比大于0.7时,计算结果与实验结果频率误差为13%.      

Response of photosynthetic systems to salinity stress in the desert cyanobacterium Scytonema javanicum

The present study investigated the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Scytonema javanicum, a pioneer species isolated from desert biological crusts, under salinity stress. Pigment analysis showed that salinity decreased chlorophyll a and phycocyanin content, while low salinity increased carotenoid concentration and high salinity decreased carotenoid concentration. Salinity also inhibited CO₂ assimilation rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution in this cyanobacterium. Chlorophyll a fluorescence transient parameters (φPo, φEo, ψO, RC/ABS, RC/CS, PI_ABS, and PI_CS) were decreased under salt stress, while dVo/dto(Mo), Vj and φDo were increased. The decrease of ETRmax and Yield and the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients showed that salt stress had an important influence on photosynthesis. These results indicated that the effects of salinity stress on photosynthesis in S. javanicum may depend on the inhibition of electron transport and the inactivation of the reaction centers, but this inhibition may occur in the electron transport pathway at the PSII donor and acceptor sites.     

星载铷钟组件的热设计与热仿真

为保证在相应运行环境下星载铷钟的可靠性,对其关键组件热支撑结构、大功率器件分布等方面进行了热设计,并利用ANSYS进行了仿真分析。通过热设计和热仿真分析,避免了热流密度迅速升高,确保了大功率器件可以在正常的工作范围内工作,实现了整机的热可靠性。     

一种原子氧掏蚀模型参数的校正方法

在空间原子氧效应数值模拟研究中,确定掏蚀模型各参数是保证计算结果正确性的重要工作。文章对Banks原子氧掏蚀模型的各参数的作用进行了分析,基于掏蚀过程中的相似律分析给出了数值模拟和试验数据相结合以确定该模型参数的方法。文章还提出材料的原子氧理论侵蚀当量的概念,并使用数值模拟方法与试验数据计算了一种碳纤维环氧复合材料的原子氧理论侵蚀当量。应用该特征量可以建立数值模拟结果和试验结果之间的准确关系。     

一种原位测量轨道原子氧效应的电阻型传感器

为了发展原子氧环境及其效应飞行实验技术,获得在轨飞行实验数据,北京卫星环境工程研究所研制了一种小型、低成本的原子氧环境及其效应探测器。这种探测器的传感器采用对原子氧敏感的导电材料制备电阻膜。电阻膜在飞行试验中遭遇到原子氧剥蚀。在轨道飞行实验中,通过原位监测受原子氧剥蚀传感器电阻值的变化,可以探测原子氧环境通量密度及被试验样品的原子氧剥蚀率。目前,采用电镀法及紫外线光刻和金属刻蚀微加工技术,已经成功制备了原子氧通量密度锇膜电阻传感器。它可以测量原子氧的通量密度和积分通量,在400～500 km的轨道高度工作寿命约为1年。原子氧效应探测器是在石英玻璃基底上淀积银膜,试验材料膜涂覆在银膜上。试验材料膜在轨与原子氧反应而变得越来越薄,当其被完全剥蚀后,暴露出来的银膜迅速被氧化,并且电阻变大。试验材料膜的剥蚀时间可以确定,试验材料的原子氧剥蚀率就可以计算出来。     

纤维增强树脂基复合材料的吸湿性和湿变形

阐述了纤维增强树脂基复合材料的吸湿与湿变形机理及其影响因素,从环境、材料和工艺3个方面,总结了环境温度、相对湿度、纤维、树脂基体、纤维-基体界面以及铺层方式对复合材料吸湿性与湿变形的影响,并提出了降低纤维增强树脂基复合材料吸湿率与湿变形的途径。     

冲击+同向对流+气膜冷却效果的试验

为了研究火焰筒壁面冲击+同向对流+气膜复合冷却方式的冷却效果,设计了多种不同几何结构的试验件,采用红外热像仪对冷却壁温进行测量.研究结果表明,冷却效率随吹风比的增加而增大.沿冷却壁面,冷却效率呈波浪型分布.在气膜出口附近区域和冲击驻点区域冷却效率最高.在冲击驻点区域后,冷却效率的下降较为缓慢.冷却效率随冲击间距的减小而增大.