带旋流器的燃油喷嘴工作特性及火焰筒头部数值模拟

对带空气旋流器的燃油喷嘴工作特性进行了试验研究,得到了该喷嘴的供油特性、喷雾锥角的变化特点和液滴尺寸及其分布规律。应用Fluent软件模拟了在最大工作状态下火焰筒头部和喷嘴喷雾的相互作用,重点计算了火焰筒头部的空气流场、浓度场和油滴轨迹。通过喷嘴试验和数值模拟,真实地反映火焰筒头部的物理化学过程,为该喷嘴和火焰筒的改进提供了重要依据。     

Changes in hyperspectral reflectance signatures of lettuce leaves in response to macronutrient deficiencies

The adaptation of specific remote sensing and hyperspectral analysis techniques for the determination of incipient nutrient stress in plants could allow early detection and precision supplementation for remediation, important considerations for minimizing mass of advanced life support systems on space station and long term missions. This experiment was conducted to determine if hyperspectral reflectance could be used to detect nutrient stress in Lactuca sativa L. cv. Black Seeded Simpson. Lettuce seedlings were grown for 90 days in a greenhouse or growth chamber in vermiculite containing modified Hoagland’s nutrient solution with key macronutrient elements removed in order to induce a range of nutrient stresses, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Leaf tissue nutrient concentrations were compared with corresponding spectral reflectances taken at the end of 90 days. Spectral reflectances varied with growing location, position on the leaf, and nutrient deficiency treatment. Spectral responses of lettuce leaves under macronutrient deficiency conditions showed an increase in reflectance in the red, near red, and infrared wavelength ranges. The data obtained suggest that spectral reflectance shows the potential as a diagnostic tool in predicting nutrient deficiencies in general. Overlapping of spectral signatures makes the use of wavelengths of narrow bandwidths or individual bands for the discrimination of specific nutrient stresses difficult without further data processing.     

电阻加热器在超声速燃烧研究中的应用

建立了采用连续式电阻加热器的超声速燃烧室直连式试验平台,介绍了该试验平台的调试结果,可以满足飞行马赫数约3.0～4.5时进行超声速燃烧的试验要求.自行设计了采用凹槽火焰稳定器的超声速燃烧室试验模型,在超声速燃烧室直连式试验平台上,进行了来流总温约1 000 K,马赫数约2.0条件下氢气燃料的燃烧试验,研究了氢气与来流空气的当量油气比对超声速燃烧室内燃烧情况的影响.并在此基础上开展了氢气引燃煤油的点火试验研究,研究了氢气和煤油的喷射位置、喷孔直径等对煤油点火性能的影响.      

空间环境模拟器热沉热辐射当量吸收特性研究

文章采用蒙特卡罗法模拟射线的传输过程,分别对两种热沉形式的热辐射当量吸收系数进行了数值计算,研究了表面形式、几何高度及入射光线方向等参数对表面热辐射当量吸收系数的影响。计算表明,正六边形凹腔形式的吸收效果远好于正四棱锥形式,但这种结构形式的吸收有明显的方向性,正四棱锥形式对光线的吸收呈现各向同性。     

红外反射材料In(Sn)2O3(ITO)的微波吸收性能

测试7.7vol%和15.8vol%In(Sn)2O3(ITO)/石蜡在2~18GHz的介电谱。测定10vol%和20vol%In(Sn)2O3(ITO)/环氧树脂在2~8GHz的反射率。结果显示,ITO材料具有很好的介电损耗。当涂层厚度d=3mm时,两种涂层分别在4.51GHz和6.27GHz有-10.5dB和-14dB的反射率。理论值显示,15.8vol%ITO/石蜡复合材料在4.56~11GHz的反射率低于-10dB,有好的吸波性能。同时分析ITO的介电损耗机理。     

复合材料不同截面空心柱体压溃吸能特性研究

对圆形截面和正六边形截面碳纤维复合材料空心柱体的压溃吸能特性优劣进行研究。以约束相同质量、相同铺层的方式,分别研究单胞及按蜂窝阵列排列多胞结构2种情况下的吸能特性,并通过 ANSYS 有限元分析及实物试验辅证,得出相同铺层方式不同截面的复合材料空心柱体性能优劣。单胞结构性能结果为,圆截面单胞空心柱体的压溃吸能效果优于正六边形截面的效果:按蜂窝阵列排列多胞结构性能结果为,正六边形截面蜂窝结构压溃吸能能力优于圆截面类蜂窝结构。     

高纬极区电离层中离子声波谱线增强的解释

大量的实验研究表明, 在顶部极光区电离层, 利用EISCAT非相干散射雷达和Millstone Hill雷达可以观测到不对称、增强的离子声波谱线. 考虑到低能H+离子束沉降到背景电离层, 以及电离层顶部O+离子的外流事件, 采用含有场向热流项的双麦克斯韦分布描述H+离子束的分布函数, 进而基于离子－离子双流不稳定性理论来解释增强的离子声波谱线. 场向热流的引入可以减小离子声波谱线的不对称现象, 这样得到的结果更符合实际.     

同轴源原子氧地面模拟设备实用性分析

文章简要叙述了原子氧地面模拟设备的基本要求,介绍了同轴源原子氧模拟设备的性能.从原子氧的能量及分布,通量密度的大小、均匀性、重复性,以及紫外辐照和原子氧同时作用、光学性能原位测量等方面,分析了设备的实用性.该设备以上性能和功能都接近空间实际,因而试验结果比较可靠.     

Modelling ignition probability with pairwise mixing-reaction model for flame particle tracking

Reduced order models for ignition analysis can offer insights into ignition processes and facilitate the combustor optimization. In this study, a Pairwise Mixing-Reaction (PMR) model is formulated to model the interaction between the flame particle and the surrounding cell mixture during Lagrangian flame particle tracking. Specifically, the model accounts for the two-way coupling of mass and energy between the flame particle and the surrounding shell layer by modelling the corresponding turbulent mixing, chemical reaction and evaporation process if present. The state of a flame particle, e.g., burnt, hot gas or extinguished, is determined based on particle temperature. This model can properly describe the ignition process with a spark kernel being initiated in a nonflammable region, which is of practical importance in certain turbine engines and has not been rigorously accounted for by the existing models based on the estimation of local Karlovitz number. The model is integrated into an ignition probability analysis platform and is demonstrated for a methane/air bluff-body flame with the flow and fuel/air mixing characteristics being extracted from a non-reacting simulation. The results show that for the spark location being at the extreme fuel-lean outer shear layer of the recirculation zone, PMR can yield ignition events with a significant number of active flame particles. The mechanisms for the survival of the initial flame particles and the entrainment of the survived flame particles into the recirculation zone are analyzed. The results also show that the ignition probability map from PMR agrees well with the experimental observation: a high ignition probability in the shear layer of the recirculation zone near the mean stoichiometric surface, and low ignition probabilities inside the recirculation zone and the top stagnation region of the recirculation zone. The parametric study shows that the predicted shape of the ignition progress factor and ignition probability is in general insensitive to the model parameters and the model is adequate for quantifying the regions with high ignition probabilities.     

利用光谱拟合法反演中间层顶大气温度

本文提出了利用梳状函数进行模拟光谱计算的方法, 并根据在北京郊区观测的OHMeinel(9, 4)带夜气辉光谱, 利用加权最小二乘法与模拟光谱进行拟合, 得出了转动温度的最佳值, 同时还分析了OH(9, 4)气辉强度和转动温度随时间的变化特性.