载人航天器密封舱内火灾流场特性数值研究

为获得微重力环境下载人航天器密封舱内火灾发生时的流场分布规律,建立简化的密封舱模型,利用FDS软件对不同火源位置、通风场景下的火灾进行了数值仿真,得到了烟气温度、浓度分布规律。仿真结果可为密封舱内火灾探测器的合理安装布局提供参考。     

X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detector development for future space instrumentation

An overview of the material developments currently being pursued by the European Space Agency (ESA) with respect to X-ray, γ-ray and neutron detection media is given. The benefits underlying the selection of specific materials are discussed. In the X-ray regime the basic microphysics behind degraded spectral performance caused by the polarization effect and Te inclusions, have been investigated. We have found that both effects degrade the spectra by producing a localised distortion of the electric field. The underlying cause for the distortion does however differ. For the γ-ray regime, a low-noise equivalent scintillator to LaBr₃ has been developed in the form of CeBr₃. Three inch crystals with a FWHM energy resolution of 4.4% at 662 keV have successfully been produced. For neutron detection, a boron compound based solid state neutron detector has been developed that is sensitive to neutrons, alpha particles and 60 keV X-rays. The measured detection efficiency in detection for thermal neutrons was found to be in the order of a few per cent.     

雷达极化检测器性能对比分析

该文在建立极化雷达杂波和目标回波模型基础上,采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法,对比分析了最佳极化检测器(OPD)、极化白化滤波器(PWF)、最佳张成检测器(OSD)、极化匹配滤波器(PMF)、功率最大综合检测器(PMSD)和单通道检测器(SCD)的理想检测性能,同时,结合各极化检测器的检验统计量,分析了各自的实现难易度.分析结果表明,PWF、OSD和PMSD理想检测性能较好,且较易实现.考虑到工程应用中,PWF、OSD需要杂波协方差先验信息,基于杂波协方差及其关键参数估计,文章进一步对比分析了PWF、OSD和PMSD的自适应检测性能.结果表明,当观测次数大于64时,PWF自适应检测性能最好.     

Passive optical detection of submillimeter and millimeter size space debris in low Earth orbit

Understanding of the space debris environment and accuracy of its observation-validated models are essential for optimal design and safe operation of satellite systems. Existing ground-based optical telescopes and radars are not capable of observing debris smaller than several millimeters in size. A new experimental and instrumental approach – the space-based Local Orbital Debris Environment (LODE) detector – aims at in situ measuring of debris with sizes from 0.2–10 mm near the satellite orbit. The LODE concept relies on a passive optical photon-counting time-tagging imaging system detecting solar photons (in the visible spectral range) reflected by debris crossing the sensor field of view. In contrast, prior feasibility studies of space-based optical sensors considered frame detectors in the focal plane. The article describes the new experimental concept, discusses top-level system parameters and design tradeoffs, outlines an approach to identifying and extracting rare debris detection events from the background, and presents an example of performance characteristics of a LODE sensor with a 6-cm diameter aperture. The article concludes with a discussion of possible sensor applications on satellites.     

锥束CT重建图像中环状伪影的拟合校正

针对锥束CT图像重建中像元通道响应不一致引起的环状伪影原理进行了分析,采用了拟合校正的方法对投影图像进行校正。结果表明,校正后重建图像中的环状伪影得到有效抑制。在此基础上,进一步考虑像元通道对射线强度响应的非线性,以及像元通道对射线能谱响应的非线性等因素对重建图像的影响,最后讨论了拟合校正的改进方向。     

综合火力/飞行控制系统火飞耦合器设计技术研究

为提高武器的攻击精度、延长可攻击时间，本文建议了IFFC系统中的空-空射击作战模态，研究了火飞耦合器的基本结构及其参数优化设计方法，提出了一种以随机射线优化方法和IFFC系统数字仿真相结合的离线寻优的参数设计策略。在寻找过程中采用了以减小脱靶量为优化准则的目标函数。数字仿真表明，优化后的IF-FC系统的可攻击时间延长了30％，攻击精度提高了约50％。本文所提出的设计准则与方法对其它非空-空射击模态的IFFC系统仍有普遍意义。     

紫外-短波红外航天遥感探测器光电性能测试装置的研制和标定

为解决紫外-短波红外探测器光电性能测试和评价问题,研制了一套探测器的光谱响应、时间响应和偏压响应测试装置,为紫外-短波红外探测器的光谱响应和光电特性参量测试提供测试装置和评价依据,以便评价其综合性能指标是否满足设计和使用要求。介绍了测试装置的研制和标定过程,该测试系统由宽光谱复合光源、样品室、单色仪、锁相放大器、标准探测器等构成,实现了200～2 500 nm光谱范围内光电探测器绝对/相对光谱响应度、量子效率、归一化探测率、频响特性、偏压响应度和时间响应参量的测试功能。最后分析了照明光斑波长校准和光谱辐射照度标定的重要性,并给出标定方法和结果。     

载人航天器防火安全设计

防火安全是载人航天器总体设计所关注的重点项目之一。文章按照火灾发生三要素,结合以往密封舱防火安全设计经验,从密封舱内可燃物控制、舱内氧浓度控制、防止点火源形成、防止火灾传播、密封舱烟火监测和密封舱灭火6个方面对载人航天器防火安全设计方法进行了归纳总结。该研究可为我国后续载人航天器密封舱防火设计提供重要依据,确保载人航天器任务期间的安全可靠性。     

红外地球敏感器两种安装构型的性能比较

比较了两种安装构型的红外地球敏感器确定姿态的算法及其相应的性能。第一种构型：两个敏感器垂直安装;第二种构型：两个敏感器相对安装。研究结果表明两个红外地球敏感器相对安装的构型改善了卫星姿态确定的性能。     

机载火控雷达和电子战一体化问题研究

现在的战斗机都装载有火控雷达（FCR）、电子战系统（EWS）和无线数据链等。这些系统都是独立工作的,且相互之间很少有信息交换。为有效提高系统的综合性能,提出了各系统之间的四级融合机制：初级融合、原始数据级融合、分系统级融合、组网级融合。其中前三级融合均基于单个多功能传感器,最后一级融合基于多功能传感器组网。四级融合机制大大提高了雷达和电子战系统的效率,显著提升了系统的整体性能。