小型辐射定标光学系统的光机热集成分析

卫星遥感器辐射定标光机系统在模拟空间环境下的热学光学特性会影响辐射定标试验的精度。文章针对离轴抛物镜和辅助平面反射镜组成的小型定标光学系统,利用光机热集成分析技术建立其有限元模型,在模拟空间环境下进行热变形分析;选用在单位圆内正交的Zernike多项式作为基底函数,采用最小二乘法完成了离轴抛物镜面形的拟合;将相关数据读入光学软件,分析了该系统在模拟空间环境下的像质变化。结果表明:温度梯度对定标光机系统的影响主要表现在光学平台的刚性位移,对抛物镜面形影响非常小,光学系统像质变化量约为λ/37。最后,通过与刀口仪法的像质原位测量结果对比,证明了光机热集成分析结果的准确性。     

GNSS服务空域空间信号可用性比较与分析

通过基本参数对全球卫星导航系统（GPS、GLONASS、Galileo和北斗）空间信号可用性影响实验,得出四系统的A knee 值分别为3800km、1100km、3800km和1000km,对应的平均可见卫星数为25、16、22和14/22（亚太地区、MEO星座/混合星座）。分析了三种典型轨道用户的卫星可见性,北斗和GLONASS对MEO和HEO用户的空间信号可用性能较GPS和Galileo稍差,而在LEO用户的应用中,北斗空间信号可用性能却表现最优,平均可见卫星数约为20颗,可用性时间分布比较均匀。最后对GNSS空间有效持续时间段进行统计,随着用户高度的增加,有效持续时间段数增多、总有效持续时间减少;四系统提供全弧段有效服务空间分别为地面至6100km、1600km、6100km和1700km。     

翼型测力天平的研制

为研究翼型结冰状态下的载荷变化规律,对翼型进行测力实验.研制一台三分量翼型测力天平.天平设计的突出难点为设计载荷极不匹配,阻力测量载荷很小.设计时,针对翼型载荷的特点,采用片梁组合方式测量阻力,四柱梁测量法向力及俯仰力矩,并采用有限元方法对结构进行了验证计算.主要介绍天平的设计、校准及应用情况.     

Attitude Control Considering Variable Input Saturation Limit for a Spacecraft Equipped with Flywheels

A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor (BLDCM). Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guarantee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter’s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.     

Large-scale Vacuum Vessel Design and Finite Element Analysis

The vacuum plume effects experimental system (PES) is the first experimental system designed to study the effects of vacuum plume in China. The main equipment, a vacuum chamber of 5.5 m in diameter and 12.8 m in length, and structure design of hinged door are described. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted to analyze the static strength and stability of the PES vacuum chamber. It is demonstrated that the static strength and stability are qualified. For the 5.5 m diameter vacuum chamber door, three design schemes are put forward. After comparisons are made, the single-axis-double-pin hinged door is selected. The FEM is applied to checking its static strength as well as distortions. The results show that the door’s distortion and displacement change mainly due to the gravity of the door which leads to its sinking. The calculated displacement is less than 7.8 mm, while the actual measurement is 5 mm. The single-axis-double-pin hinged door mechanism completely satisfies the design requirements. This innovative structure can be introduced as a reference for the design of large-scale hinged doors.     

空间相机支撑结构选型动力学分析

在航天遥感领域,离轴三反射镜消像散光学系统(TMA)以大视场、无遮拦等特点被广泛运用。由于离轴TMA系统的特点以及空间相机在发射过程中经历的恶劣的力学环境,相机支撑结构的力学特性对于相机成像品质的保证具有至关重要的意义。文章用Solidworks建立了支撑结构的实体模型,并在此基础上建立了有限元模型。通过对4种结构构型方案的力学特性的分析比较,为相机光机结构设计打下了基础,对三反离轴相机支撑结构的工程设计具有一定的指导作用。     

Analysis of data of “Clementine” and “KAGUYA” missions and “ULCN” and “KSC-1162” catalogues

In this paper an analysis of data coordinate systems from selenographic catalogues and space missions was carried out. The lunar macrorelief models were made on basis of the software package ASNI USTU using method of the spherical harmonic expansion. These models accurately describe the global features of the lunar figure. To construct these models the following sources of topographic information were used: “Clementine” and “KАGUYА” (Selena, Japan mission) missions, “KSC-1162” (Kazan selenocentric catalogue), “Kiev” (selenodesic catalogue), “SAI” (Chuikova (1975)), “Bills, Ferrari”, “ULCN” (The Unified Lunar Control Network 2005). Direct comparison hypsometric information “KSС-1162” catalogue data with “Clementine” mission was carried out. These researches confirmed a good agreement of the hypsometric information of compared systems. The normalized coefficients were obtained on basis of the hypsometric information expansion for eight sources. The displacement of the lunar center of mass (LCM) relatively to the lunar center of figure (LCF) was obtained by using topographic data selenodetical catalogues and space missions.     

Digital simulation model piezoelectric cantilever design and analysis of beam smart elements

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.     

基于非参数假设检验的程序缺陷定位方法

调查了西门子测试集中的程序失败用例的规模和谓词评估偏差的分布.结果表明,中心极限定理的前提和参数假设检验的假设条件无法得到普遍满足.所以,已有的基于参数假设检验的方法存在潜在的问题.针对这一现象,提出了基于非参数假设检验定位程序缺陷的方法.实验结果表明,该方法在非正态分布的样本集上仍具有较好的适用性,且在缺陷定位效率上优于已有的基于程序谓词的缺陷定位技术.同时比较了基于2种常用的非参数假设检验模型的缺陷定位方法的效率.一种方法基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验,另一种方法基于Cramér-von-Mises准则.比较结果表明,在西门子测试集上,基于Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验的方法在缺陷定位效率上优于基于Cramér-von-Mises准则的方法.     

压电悬臂梁智能元数字仿真模型设计及分析

针对在薄壳结构上层合压电传感器与作动器的智能结构系统进行振动控制问题,提出了一种专用的数字电路化智能元仿真模型进行振动特性分析的新方法.以压电悬臂梁系统为例,利用有限差分方法将主体结构、压电传感信号及压电控制力矩的动力学偏微分方程转化为智能元差分方程;建立基于Newmark-β积分方法的智能元数学矩阵模型;在DSP数字电路系统上设计智能元仿真系统;对不同差分密度和积分时间步长下系统各个模态的输出特性进行了分析,并与相关文献中采用不同控制方法的模拟电路仿真结果进行了比较,取得了更精确的结果.该方法为压电结构系统的振动特性仿真分析提供了新途径.