滚弯成形解析建模与数值分析

建立了考虑材料塑性强化的滚弯成形力学分析解析模型,推导出了应力应变、残余应力以及回弹半径计算公式.基于非线性有限元软件,对滚弯成形进行了动态模拟,对应力应变状态、塑性应变分布、残余应力以及回弹等进行了分析计算,结果表明:板料滚弯成形初始效应明显,下压点附近曲率不均匀;采用足够的滚弯时间后,中间段的曲率均匀度很好;成形半径与上辊下压量呈近似幂函数关系;多道次滚弯可以减小两端的曲率波动和最大应力应变.最后通过与滚弯成形试验数据的对比,分析和验证了解析模型与数值模型的适用性和精度.     

弹跳机器人动力学分析

弹跳机器人可以跃过数倍于自身尺寸的障碍物或沟渠,对地形有较强的适应力。但是相对于已经实用化的其他类型机器人,弹跳机器人目前还处于研究阶段。本文把驱动机构和弹跳机构一起加以考虑,综合各种阻尼的影响,构建了两类弹跳机器人模型。然后采用二阶拉格朗日方程,对其进行相应的动力学分析和比较,求出模型的动力学标准状态方程和弹跳高度的计算公式;并通过计算机模拟结果和试验结果的对比说明了分析的正确性。本文的分析结果同时适用于连续型和间隙型弹跳机器人的动力学分析。     

民用飞机驾驶舱人机界面评估方法研究

驾驶舱人机界面(Human Machine Interface,以下简称HMI)是连接飞行员和飞机的重要桥梁,人机界面的好坏直接关系到飞机的使用效率及运行安全。以民用飞机为例,分析研究了在飞机的设计过程中驾驶舱领域的人机界面设计评估相关问题和理论,并结合实际,建立了人机界面评价指标,提出了以适航规章为基础的驾驶舱人机界面评估方法。该方法有助于设计过程中的设计评估验证活动,可提高评估效率,促进设计更为合理的符合适航规章和使用需求的驾驶舱人机界面。     

地面系留设施万向滑轮结构优化设计

基于系留缆绳换向及缆绳拉力和倾角的测量,提出了一种优化的机动式系留气球万向滑轮结构设计方案,描述了万向滑轮结构形式、材料选择及工艺实现等,采用三维建模及有限元分析相结合的方法,对万向滑轮结构进行校核分析。结果表明,该结构满足刚度和强度要求,具有较广泛的工程应用价值。     

Developing a dust storm detection method combining Support Vector Machine and satellite data in typical dust regions of Asia

Enhancing the dust storm detection is a key part for the environmental protection, human healthy and economic development. The goal of this paper is to propose a new Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method to automatically detect dust storms using remote sensing data. Existing methods dealing with this problem are usually threshold-based that are of great complexity and uncertainty. In this paper we propose a simple and reliable method combining SVM with MODIS L1 data and explore the optimal band combinations used as the feature vectors of SVM. The developed method was evaluated by MODIS and OMI data qualitatively and quantitatively on three study sites located in the Arabian Desert, Gobi Desert and Taklimakan Desert, and it was also compared to three other traditional methods based on their accuracy, complexity, reliability and sensitivity to thresholds. The detection results demonstrated that the combination of (Band7 − Band3)/(Band7 + Band3) ((B7 − B3)/(B7 + B3)), Band20 − Band31 (B20 − B31), and Band31/Band32 (B31/B32) can detect the dust storms more precisely than other individual bands or their combination. The comparison among those cases indicated that the proposed automatic method exhibited an advantage of minimizing the uncertainty and complexity, which were the limits of defining thresholds based on the threshold-based methods. The conclusions can provide references for studies that focus on statistical-based dust storm detection.     

Improving orbit prediction accuracy through supervised machine learning

Due to the lack of information such as the space environment condition and resident space objects’ (RSOs’) body characteristics, current orbit predictions that are solely grounded on physics-based models may fail to achieve required accuracy for collision avoidance and have led to satellite collisions already. This paper presents a methodology to predict RSOs’ trajectories with higher accuracy than that of the current methods. Inspired by the machine learning (ML) theory through which the models are learned based on large amounts of observed data and the prediction is conducted without explicitly modeling space objects and space environment, the proposed ML approach integrates physics-based orbit prediction algorithms with a learning-based process that focuses on reducing the prediction errors. Using a simulation-based space catalog environment as the test bed, the paper demonstrates three types of generalization capability for the proposed ML approach: (1) the ML model can be used to improve the same RSO’s orbit information that is not available during the learning process but shares the same time interval as the training data; (2) the ML model can be used to improve predictions of the same RSO at future epochs; and (3) the ML model based on a RSO can be applied to other RSOs that share some common features.     

航空发动机桨轴有限元应力分析

为了研究航空涡桨发动机桨轴在飞行试验中所受的载荷问题,对某型发动机桨轴进行几何建模,并运用有限元软件ANSYS对桨轴在离心力、拉力、扭矩和弯矩作用下的应力进行了仿真计算,得出了起飞状态下的应力分布,对桨轴贴应变片部位的应力进行了分析,得出弯矩影响最大、扭矩次之、离心应力可以忽略的结论,为飞行试验提供了理论参考数据。     

随机振动响应方差的直接算法

将动力学方程经过系统扩阶和模态变换构成李雅普诺夫方程,可直接求得大型有限元结构的平稳随机振动响应方差.用等效线性化方法处理杜芬系统后,求解李雅普诺夫方程可以得到一套高效高精度求解杜芬系统随机振动响应方差的方法.仿真对误差进行了估计,结果验证了方法的高效和精确性.      

一种基于高阶剪切变形板模型的有限元算法

为了较好地模拟复合材料层合板的变形并得到较为精确的应力分布,本文基于Reddy提出的高阶剪切变形板模型建立了一种新型有限元。该模型保证横向剪应力沿板厚度方向呈抛物分布,在板的上下表面为零,从而很好地满足力边界条件。有限元算法构造的出发点是修正的虚功泛函,引入Lagrange乘子放松了挠度在单元边界之间的连续性,使得挠度的构造变得简单;由于通过常应力分片检查,所以有限元算法的收敛性得到了保证。此外,本算法的数值结果具有对单元网格形状不敏感、精度好和计算效率高的性质。     

基于FPGA内置RAM的抗辐射有限状态机设计

在现代卫星设计中广泛使用的可重构现场可编程门阵列(FPGA),在空间高能粒子的影响下很容易产生单粒子翻转(SEU),从而功能紊乱甚至失效。在面向航天应用的FPGA设计中,必须采用容错设计技术来弥补器件本身抗辐射能力的不足。本文首先分析了有限状态机(FSM)的内部结构,并指出由于自身电路结构的特点,传统的FPGA容错设计方法应用于FSM时有一定的局限性。然后,针对基于FPGA的FSM容错设计技术进行了研究,根据现代FPGA的结构特点,提出了一种基于FPGA内置双端口随机存取存储器(RAM)、具有周期校验功能的FSM设计方案。经过可靠性分析和实验可以看出,与采用传统容错设计方法的FSM相比,采用本文方案构建的FSM在太空辐射环境下具有更高的长期可靠性、更小的FPGA资源占用量和更低的功耗。