GPS/运动方程组合导航

提出了一种不增加硬件设备而仅用软件（运动方程）－－全球卫星定位系统／运动方程（GPS／EM）组合导航方案，分析了其适用范围和特点。根据传统运动方程建模中的各种误差源，了包含误差源在内的飞行器扰动方程，并得出其解析解。建立了GPS／EM组合系统状态方程和观测方程，并进行仿真，验证了其可行性。结果表明，GPS／EM组合系统导航精度高于GPS，而且较单独GPS增加了信息冗余度。     

扩频谱相关自适应滤波技术的研究

被高速伪随机码调制的扩频信号,其伪随机码是具有随机编码信号特征的周期信号。所以,扩频信号应被建模为周期信号(循环平稳信号)。循环平稳信号与其信号的频移副本之间具有很强的谱相关性,充分利用这种谱相关性可以实现对窄带和宽带干扰的抑制。基于循环平稳理论和自适应滤波理论,提出了一种基于改进的LMS算法的扩频信号谱相关自适应滤波技术。这种变步长的谱相关自适应LMS滤波器能实现对窄带和宽带干扰的抑制,仿真结果证明了其有效性。     

用GPS评定IMU（惯性测量装置）误差

在导弹飞行试验时，基于ＧＰＳ的弹道基准系统可替代常规雷达。由于ＧＰＳ弹道基准的精度高，所以可用来评定导弹惯性测量装置的性能。在两发现役的和平保卫者导弹发射前配置了ＧＰＳ转发器和三波段天线。根据ＧＰＳ测量的矩离、矩离增量数据，用卡尔曼滤波方法评定各个ＩＭＵ误差，结果证明ＧＰＳ优于雷达。     

基于残差特性分析的野值检测与剔除方法

在导航和控制工程实际应用中,野值的在线处理一直是难点之一.现有的利用残差的野值判别方法往往建立在最优滤波的前提上,在处理速度、效果和实用性上有所局限,难以适用于这一范围.在分析残差信号特征的基础上,利用残差变化率的变化规律,使用莱特准则对野值进行判断.仿真计算和实际工程应用表明,该方法算法简单、效果明显,能够满足工程实际应用的要求,很大程度上消除了野值对滤波精度的影响.     

基于VS-IMM算法的A-SMGCS场面运动目标跟踪

为实现先进场面运动引导控制系统中场面监视雷达对运动目标的跟踪,研究了将变结构交互式多模型(Variable structure interacting multiple model,VS-IMM)算法应用到该系统中。首先,根据飞机的真实运动情况建立了飞机的匀速运动、匀加速运动和匀速转弯运动模型;然后,针对固定结构交互式多模型(Fixed structureinteractive multiple model,FS-IMM)算法在目标跟踪方面的不足,结合机场地图,将VS-IMM算法应用到机场场面运动目标跟踪中;最后,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波将VS-IMM算法与FS-IMM算法进行仿真比较。结果表明:VS-IMM算法的跟踪精度及模型选择均优于FS-IMM算法,VS-IMM算法在场面跟踪方面具有更大的应用价值。     

空间低温制冷控制器的缓启动电路建模分析

随着大功率空间低温斯特林制冷机的出现,制冷控制器仍采用传统缓启动和LC储能滤波串联抑制电路会产生不平稳/大超调的启动电流,造成制冷机控制器过流保护并对卫星电源及其他设备造成可能的浪涌破坏。在不增加元器件的情况下,提出一种具有启动电流反馈功能的缓启动和LC储能滤波电路配合方式。首先通过采用非线性器件MOSFET的低频微变等效模型对新旧配合电路进行了数学建模。之后针对小电感小电容和大电感大电容两种应用模式下的数学模型进行了简化和分析,在小电感小电容模式下新旧配合电路均可简化为无超调的一阶系统,在大电感大电容模式下传统配合电路为具有振荡特性的二阶系统,而新的配合电路仍为一阶系统,可以满足大电感大电容模式下启动电流无超调要求。最后通过Multisim仿真对比分析和实际试验证明了新的配合电路的合理性和有效性,试验表明启动电流均匀平稳无超调,启动电流峰值抑制约50%。     

Directional Filtering Due to Mesospheric Wind Shear on the Propagation of Acoustic-gravity Waves

Gravity waves with periods close to the Brunt-V?is?l? period of the upper troposphere are often observed at mesopause altitudes as short period, quasi-monochromatic waves. The assumption that these short period waves originate in the troposphere may be problematic because their upward propagation to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region could be significantly impeded due to an extended region of strong evanescence above the stratopause. To reconcile this apparent paradox, an alternative explanation is proposed in this paper. The inclusion of mean winds and their vertical shears is sufficient to allow certain short period waves to remain internal above the stratopause and to propagate efficiently to higher altitudes. A time-dependent numerical model is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this and to determine the circumstances under which the mesospheric wind shears play a role in the removal and directional filtering of short period gravity waves. Finally this paper concludes that the combination of the height-dependent mean winds and the mean temperature structure probably explains the existence of short period, quasi-monochromatic structures observed in airglow images of mesopause region.      

基于无奇点根数的空间相对导航插值滤波算法

为了提高椭圆轨道航天器的相对导航精度,将基于Stirling公式的多项式插值滤波方法（DDF2）引入导航算法,降低了传统的卡尔曼滤波方法中泰勒级数展开线性化     

复杂背景中红外弱小目标检测技术研究

对复杂背景中红外弱小目标检测识别的一种图像处理技术进行了研究。用最大中值滤波进行预处理以抑制孤立噪声影响,采用时域方差滤波抑制背景信息,对滤波后的图像根据直方图信息进行自适应二值化处理,由多帧轨迹确定目标。用实验与基于形态学算子滤波的目标检测算法进行了比较,结果表明该算法能获得较满意的目标检测结果,两种滤波方法的组合可有效提高信噪比。     

A Tracking Filter in Spherical Coordinates Enhanced by De-noising of Converted Doppler Measurements

Tracking problem in spherical coordinates with range rate (Doppler) measurements, which would have errors correlated to the range measurement errors, is investigated in this paper. The converted Doppler measurements, constructed by the product of the Doppler measurements and range measurements, are used to replace the original Doppler measurements. A de-noising method based on an unbiased Kalman filter (KF) is proposed to reduce the converted Doppler measurement errors before updating the target states for the constant velocity (CV) model. The states from the de-noising filter are then combined with the Cartesian states from the converted measurement Kalman filter (CMKF) to produce final state estimates. The nonlinearity of the de-noising filter states are handled by expanding them around the Cartesian states from the CMKF in a Taylor series up to the second order term. In the mean time, the correlation between the two filters caused by the common range measurements is handled by a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation-based method. These result in a new tracking filter, CMDN-EKF2. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed tracking filter can provide efficient and robust performance with a modest computational cost.