Stellar β-decay rates of iron isotopes and its implications in astrophysics

β-Decay and positron decay are believed to play a consequential role during the late phases of stellar evolution of a massive star culminating in a supernova explosion. The β-decay contributes in maintaining a respectable lepton-to-baryon ratio, Y_e, of the core prior to collapse which results in a larger shock energy to produce the explosion. The positron decay acts in the opposite direction and tends to decrease the ratio. The structure of the presupernova star is altered both by the changes in Y_e and the entropy of the core material. Recently the microscopic calculation of weak interaction mediated rates on key isotopes of iron was introduced using the proton–neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory with improved model parameters. Here I discuss in detail the improved calculation of β^±-decay rates for iron isotopes (^54,55,56Fe) in stellar environment. The pn-QRPA theory allows a microscopic “state-by-state” calculation of stellar rates as explained later in text. Excited state Gamow–Teller distributions are much different from ground state and a microscopic calculation of decay rates from these excited states greatly increases the reliability of the total decay rate calculation specially during the late stages of stellar evolution. The reported decay rates are also compared with earlier calculations. The positron decay rates are in reasonable agreement with the large-scale shell model calculation. The main finding of this work includes that the stellar β-decay rates of ^54,55,56Fe are around 3–5 orders of magnitude smaller than previously assumed and hence irrelevant for the determination of the evolution of Y_e during the presupernova phase of massive stars. The current work discourages the inclusion of ^55,56Fe in the list of key stellar β-decay nuclei as suggested by former simulation results.     

Photoluminescence Properties of Nanocrystalline 3C-SiC Films

Nanocrystalline (nc) 3C-SiC films on the Si substrate were prepared by the helicon wave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposi-tion (HW-PECVD) technique. With the SiH4-CH4 gas flow ratio changing, the films exhibit different photoluminescence (PL) character-istics. Under the stoichiometric condition, the PL peak redshift from 470 nm to 515 nm is detected with the increase of excitation wave-length, which can be attributed to the quantum confinement effect radiation of 3C-SiC nanocrystals of different sizes. However, the ap-pearance of an additional PL band at 436 nm in Si-rich film might be sourced back to the excess of Si defect centers in it. This is also the case for C-rich film for its PL band lying at 570 nm. The results above quoted indicate an important influence of gas flow ratio on the PL properties of the SiC films providing an effective guidance for analyzing the luminescence mechanism and exploring the high-efficiency light emission of the SiC films.     

炭纤维壳体封头设计的几个问题

讨论了炭纤维壳体封头低压破坏的原因及3种破坏模式,即靠近赤道附近部位的封头发生断裂,极孔部位在环向应力作用下断裂和封头沿接头肩部外缘被剪(弯)断;得到了3种破坏模式的强度校核公式.给出了防止封头破坏宜采取的有效措施,对开孔很大的后封头,宜采取补强措施;给出了补强层厚度和补强范围的确定方法.     

粉末溅射平面薄膜型SnO2/CeO2酒敏元件

介绍了用粉末溅射做出的两种平面薄膜型酒敏元件的工艺、芯片结构和基本参数测试的结果.     

质谱薄膜联用小型气体泄漏检测仪研制

传统的监测技术在往往采用单一的方法或者采用质谱加色谱联用的技术，设备大都比较笨重，操作复杂，随着现代工业的发展，急需研制体积小，质量轻在便携式仪器，同时具备灵敏度高，分辨能力强，可靠性高等特点的检测仪。利用质谱检测的高分辨能力和敏感膜的高灵敏度，文章提出了质谱和加薄膜联用进行气体泄漏监测的全新思路，并主要论述了检测仪的研制和性能实验研究等内容，最后结合其在航天领域的应用，对甲基膨，无水肼等气体进行     

摄影棚雨喷水淋灭火系统的设计

在一般的雨淋喷水灭火系统设计中,都是给出了一般的设计原则和设计参数,而要达到因地制宜的应用效果,必须结合具体场合的实际需要,进行重新设计,为此给出的小型摄影棚雨淋喷水灭火系统就是一个设计实例。     

基于DDA的强度折减法求土坡安全系数

介绍了非连续变形分析(DDA)方法和强度折减法的基本理论,提出了基于DDA的强度折减法求土坡安全系数的方法。分析了在计算连续介质时块体的划分方法,提出应预先根据费伦纽斯经验方法假定土坡潜在滑动面的位置和形状,依据强度折减法,分别求出各条滑动面在失稳破坏时的折减系数,即为此条滑动面的安全系数。然后绘曲线找出最小值,即为土坡的稳定安全系数。提出了DDA法判定土坡失稳破坏的标准,通过算例证明了此法在计算土坡稳定安全系数时的可行性,所得到的安全系数较其他几种方法偏小。     

击穿耐压装置容量指标

根据影响介质击穿的主要因素，着重阐述了交流击穿耐压装置的容量指标问题。如被试样件两极间的等效电容值，最大击穿电流值等。     

Calculation of yield strength in nickel base single crystal superalloys

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超高强度聚乙烯纤维复合材料表面改性研究

介绍了一种新型高性能有机纤维——超高强度聚乙烯(UHSPE)纤维的性能及应用，研究了其表面经电晕放电改性对UHSPE纤维-环氧树脂界面粘结强度的影响。通过单丝拔出法及NOL环试验对uHsPE纤维表面改性处理进行了表征。结果表明，经电晕法表面处理后的UHSPE纤维单丝与环氧树脂的界面粘结强度有了很大的提高。