旋转蛇形通道内冷气流动和换热的数值模拟

对于具有近真实发动机参数的涡轮叶片蛇形内冷通道,数值模拟了旋转状态下光滑、前后缘带肋及环肋结构的内流场和温度场分布,对比分析了其流动和换热特性。结果表明,带肋通道各面换热均明显好于光滑面通道;旋转对各通道进气段的影响比出气段明显;哥氏力在环肋通道中产生了最为强烈的截面二次流;光滑通道出气段换热受弯管效应的影响最为显著。      

Recent advances in film cooling enhancement: A review

Film cooling is an indispensable scheme in the design of highly-efficient cooling configurations to satisfy the thermal protection requirement of turbine hot section components. During the last few decades, vast efforts have been paid on the discrete-hole film cooling enhancement. In this paper, some of the recent literatures related to the passive strategies (such as shaped film cooling holes, upstream ramps, shallow trenches, mesh-fed slots) and the active strategies (such as the use of pulsation modulating device or plasma actuator) for film cooling enhancement are surveyed, with the aim at presenting an updated overview about the state of the art in advanced film cooling. In addition, some challenging issues are also outlined to motivate further investigations in such a broad topic.     

6-DOF formation keeping control for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation

Spacecraft relative motion with inter-craft electromagnetic force has distinct advantages, and its invariant shapes that are convenient for formation keeping ensure some potential significant applications. However, the electromagnetic actuators affect both the relative trajectory and attitude motion, complicating related researches on issues of invariant shape design and formation control. In this paper, the formation keeping problem for an invariant three-craft triangular electromagnetic formation is investigated on the basis of a 6-DOF full nonlinear dynamic model. Moreover, a combined control scheme consisting of feed-forward and feed-back control components is proposed to handle the high nonlinearity, strong coupling, model uncertainties and external disturbances. The feed-forward component is obtained through desired invariant shape design which is complicated by the coupling and superposition effects of any two distinct magnetic dipoles, and the feed-back component is developed with a combination of linear feed-back controller by the LQR method and active disturbance rejection by the extended state observer. Finally, the numerical simulation is presented to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed 6-DOF combined control scheme.     

结合TEC的泵驱两相温控系统的空间应用

为满足天舟一号货运飞船(T Z1)蒸发冷凝科学实验的控温需求，采用半导体制冷片(TEC)和泵驱两相回路结合的控温系统实现了冷凝台-5~40 ℃(±0.2 ℃)的控温要求。对TEC和平行流换热器进行了研究，结果表明该系统能够满足环境温度等于30 ℃工况下的制冷和散热要求。测试结果表明，平行流换热器在地面和在轨的换热相当，说明重力的影响几乎可以忽略。     

民用飞机翼身整流罩区域温度场分析研究及影响

现代民用飞机机身结构大量采用复合材料,但因其遇到高温时会变软,耐热性较差,这就对复合材料周围的环境温度提出了新的要求。以某型飞机的空调组件安装区域进行温度场CFD计算,分析了安装区内的高温部件对机身复合材料结构的影响。为了防止机身复合材料被高温部件烫伤,在高温部件的上方安装隔热板同时进行局部通风冷却,并对相应的工况进行CFD计算对比。     

低HSI噪声旋翼桨尖外形优化设计方法

建立了一套基于计算流体力学(CFD)/FW-H_pds方程(Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations with penetrable data surface)的气动噪声预估技术和组合优化算法的低噪声旋翼桨尖平面外形设计方法。首先,采用积分形式的可压雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程作为旋翼流场求解控制方程,围绕旋翼流场的网格采用嵌套网格方法生成。在优化过程中,桨叶网格生成采用提出的高效参数化的网格自动生成方法。在建立的CFD方法求解基础上,采用基于可穿透旋转积分面的鲁棒性较好的FW-H_pds方程来求解旋翼高速脉冲(HSI)噪声。然后,以降低旋翼HSI噪声为目标,以旋翼悬停气动性能为约束,提出具备前掠-后掠-尖削等组合特征的桨尖外形方案并进行优化分析。将基于拉丁超立方(LHS)方法和径向基函数(RBF)的代理模型方法耦合到遗传算法过程中,建立了一种高效的组合优化算法。在当前的计算状态下,优化后的桨尖外形的负压峰值相比于矩形桨叶降低了58.4%,优化后的桨叶有效地减弱了旋翼桨尖区域的跨声速"离域化"现象,因此可以降低旋翼HSI噪声特性,同时可以减弱旋翼桨尖涡强度达30%,旋翼悬停性能提高了2%~3%。     

基于Kriging形函数的线性时变结构模态参数辨识

近年来,对航空航天飞行器随时间变化的动力学特性研究需求越来越迫切。仅输出参数化时域的时变时间序列模型以其结构简约、精度高且跟踪能力强而成为研究热点,尤其是泛函向量时变自回归(FS-VTAR)模型已经得到了广泛应用。然而传统的FS-VTAR模型在保证其辨识优势的同时却需要针对不同时变结构选择合适的基函数形式及较高的基函数阶数,该过程相当复杂且耗时。本文借鉴无网格法中移动最小二乘(MLS)法构造形函数的思想,提出一种基于Kriging形函数的线性时变结构模态参数辨识方法。该方法首先引入自适应于辨识信号的Kriging形函数;再把时变系数在形函数上线性展开,利用最小二乘(LS)法得到形函数的展开系数;最后把时变模型特征方程转换为广义特征值问题提取出模态参数。利用时变刚度系统非平稳振动信号验证该方法,结果表明:基于Kriging形函数的FS-VTAR模型相比于传统的FS-VTAR模型能有效地避免基函数形式的选择和较高的基函数阶数,且精度相当;相比于移动最小二乘法能有效地解决其数值条件问题且具有更高的模态参数辨识精度。     

Theoretical study of flow ripple for an aviation axial-piston pump with damping holes in the valve plate

Based on the structure of a certain type of aviation axial-piston pump＇s valve plate which adopts a pre-pressurization fluid path （consisting a damping hole, a buffer chamber, and an orifice） to reduce flow ripple, a single-piston model of the aviation axial-piston pump is presented. This sin- gle-piston model comprehensively considers fluid compressibility, orifice restriction effect, fluid resistance in the capillary tube, and the leakage flow. Besides, the instantaneous discharge areas used in the single-piston model have been calculated in detail. Based on the single-piston model, a multi-piston pump model has been established according to the simple hydraulic circuit. The sin- gle- and multi-piston pump models have been realized by the S-function in Matlab/Simulink. The developed multi-piston pump model has been validated by being compared with the numerical result by computational fluid dynamic （CFD）. The effects of the pre-pressurization fluid path on the flow ripple and the instantaneous pressure in the piston chamber have been studied and opti- mized design recommendations for the aviation axial-piston pump have been given out.     

可控肥皂膜气柱界面与激波相互作用的实验研究

基于肥皂膜技术提出了一种生成气柱界面的简单方法。形成的界面不需要支撑网格,因此初始条件可以很好地控制。在水平激波管中结合高速纹影开展了平面激波与二维或三维气柱界面作用的实验。纹影照片显示实验结果杂波更少,演变中的界面也比文献的结果更对称。此外,还特别研究了由极小曲面特征导致的三维效应,发现三维效应使界面的演变和发展变慢了。本研究将有助于更多了解三维性对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性发展的影响。     

多种气膜冷却形式下轴对称矢量喷管壁温计算研究

航空发动机矢量喷管的冷却结构设计是研究矢量推进技术应用的关键问题之一。针对某偏转20°轴对称矢量喷管隔热屏采用的十种气膜冷却结构,建立基于壁面传热的热平衡方程,采用牛顿-拉斐尔森迭代法得出十种冷却结构下壁面及隔热屏的温度。其中气膜冷却采用有效温比经验公式计算,燃气辐射采用封闭腔净辐射分析法计算,并把本文计算的壁温与文献结果进行对比分析。结果表明:隔热屏对喷管收敛段有很好的冷却作用,采用气膜冷却可显著降低其温度;相对于受隔热屏保护的收敛段而言,喷管扩张段的受热形势较为严峻,温度更高,其冷却有待加强。